Inhibitory engrams in perception and memory
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
Nervous systems use excitatory cell assemblies to encode and represent sensory percepts. Similarly, synaptically connected cell assemblies or “engrams” are thought to represent memories of past experience. Multiple lines of recent evidence indicate that brain systems create and use inhibitory replicas of excitatory representations for important cognitive functions. Such matched “inhibitory engrams” can form through homeostatic potentiation of inhibition onto postsynaptic cells that show increased levels of excitation. Inhibitory engrams can reduce behavioral responses to familiar stimuli, thereby resulting in behavioral habituation. In addition, by preventing inappropriate activation of excitatory memory engrams, inhibitory engrams can make memories quiescent, stored in a latent form that is available for context-relevant activation. In neural networks with balanced excitatory and inhibitory engrams, the release of innate responses and recall of associative memories can occur through focused disinhibition. Understanding mechanisms that regulate the formation and expression of inhibitory engrams in vivo may help not only to explain key features of cognition but also to provide insight into transdiagnostic traits associated with psychiatric conditions such as autism, schizophrenia, and posttraumatic stress disorder.
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The recontextualized memory, in which the trauma is located in a safer temporal and spatial context, may act as an inhibitory version of the original traumatic memory that is available to compete with the original traumatic memory.
“The recontextualized memory, in which the trauma is now located in a safer temporal and spatial context, may act as an inhibitory version of the original traumatic memory [50], which is now available to compete with the original traumatic memory.”
From Memory and Forgetting (2018) · cites this paper as [50]
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- Authors
- Barron, H. C., Vogels, T. P., Behrens, T. E., & Ramaswami, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (GB)
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (IN)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2017-06-13
- Volume
- 114
- Issue
- 26
- Pages
- 6666-6674
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC5495250
- OpenAlex
- W2626706140
- Cited by
- 147
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 1.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- John Fell Fund, University of Oxford (John Fell OUP Research Fund) (153/046)
- Wellcome Trust (WT100000, WT104765MA)
- James S. McDonnell Foundation (JSMF) (JSMF220020372)
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) (15/IA/3123)
- Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India (DAE) (Core Funds to TIFR/NCBS)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- memory engrams, cell assemblies, habituation, latent memory, disinhibition, perception, excitation-inhibition balance, autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder, transdiagnostic traits
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Autistic Disorder, Cognition, Humans, Memory, Models, Neurological, Nerve Net, Perception, Schizophrenia, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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