Cited by 5,574Advanced Proteomics Techniques and ApplicationsMass Spectrometry Techniques and ApplicationsMetabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies

Stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture, SILAC, as a simple and accurate approach to expression proteomics

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Ong, Shao-En, Blagoev, Blagoy, Kratchmarova, Irina, Kristensen, Dan Bach, Steen, Hanno, Pandey, Akhilesh, Mann, Matthias·2002·Molecular & Cellular Proteomics

Abstract

Quantitative proteomics has traditionally been performed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, but recently, mass spectrometric methods based on stable isotope quantitation have shown great promise for the simultaneous and automated identification and quantitation of complex protein mixtures. Here we describe a method, termed SILAC, for stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture, for the in vivo incorporation of specific amino acids into all mammalian proteins. Mammalian cell lines are grown in media lacking a standard essential amino acid but supplemented with a non-radioactive, isotopically labeled form of that amino acid, in this case deuterated leucine (Leu-d3). We find that growth of cells maintained in these media is no different from growth in normal media as evidenced by cell morphology, doubling time, and ability to differentiate. Complete incorporation of Leu-d3 occurred after five doublings in the cell lines and proteins studied. Protein populations from experimental and control samples are mixed directly after harvesting, and mass spectrometric identification is straightforward as every leucine-containing peptide incorporates either all normal leucine or all Leu-d3. We have applied this technique to the relative quantitation of changes in protein expression during the process of muscle cell differentiation. Proteins that were found to be up-regulated during this process include glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, fibronectin, and pyruvate kinase M2. SILAC is a simple, inexpensive, and accurate procedure that can be used as a quantitative proteomic approach in any cell culture system.

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Authors
Ong, S.-E., Blagoev, B., Kratchmarova, I., Kristensen, D. B., Steen, H., Pandey, A., & Mann, M.
Affiliations
University of Southern Denmark (DK)
Corresponding author
Mann, Matthias
Venue
Molecular & Cellular Proteomics
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2002-05
Volume
1
Issue
5
Pages
376-386
ISSN
1535-9476 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2140946052
Cited by
5,574
References
41
Citations by year
2026: 69 · 2025: 89 · 2024: 117 · 2023: 142 · 2022: 172 · 2021: 241 · 2020: 192 · 2019: 266 · 2018: 233 · 2017: 300 · 2016: 299 · 2015: 349 · 2014: 397 · 2013: 440 · 2012: 430
FWCI
34.74
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Molecular & Cellular Proteomics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Keywords
SILAC, in vivo protein labeling, quantitative proteomics, protein expression profiling, muscle cell differentiation, fibronectin, PKM2, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
MeSH terms
Amino Acids, Animals, Cell Differentiation, Cell Line, Deuterium, Genetic Techniques, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Leucine, Muscles, Peptides, Time Factors, Up-Regulation, 3T3 Cells, Cell Culture Techniques, Proteomics, Mice

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