Effect of Migration Pathway on Travel Time and Survival of Acoustic‐Tagged Juvenile Salmonids in the Columbia River Estuary
Abstract
We applied acoustic telemetry methods to characterize migration pathways and estimate associated travel times and survival probabilities for juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and steelhead O. mykiss migrating downstream through the Columbia River estuary (from river kilometer [rkm] 86 to rkm 8). Acoustic‐tagged fish were detected as migrating in the navigation channel and in off‐channel areas at each of the estuarine reaches we examined during May–August 2010. However, the majority of fish traveled in the main navigation channel from rkm 86 to rkm 37, at which point most fish left the river‐influenced navigation channel; crossed a broad, shallow tidal flat; and migrated the final 37 km in a secondary channel, which was characterized as having greater tidal transport than the navigation channel. The pathway used by acoustic‐tagged smolts to migrate through the estuary affected their rate of travel. In most reaches, navigation channel migrants traveled significantly faster than fish that migrated through off‐channel areas. Contrary to observations from previous studies, smolts that migrated through off‐channel areas at a slower rate did not experience lower survival than their cohorts that used the navigation channel. Although no significant differences in survival probability were observed between navigation channel migrants and off‐channel migrants, areas of high mortality were identified between rkm 37 and rkm 8. Dispersion of juvenile salmonids into multiple…
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These salmon have transit rates exceeding 50 km/d through the Columbia River estuary.
“These salmon have transit rates exceeding 50 km/d (McMichael et al. 2010;Harnish et al. 2012;Dietrich et al. 2016)”
From Life in the Fast Lane: Feeding and Growth of Juvenile Steelhead and Chinook Salmon in <scp>Main‐Stem</scp> Habitats of the Columbia River Estuary (2022) · cites this paper as Harnish et al. 2012
Greater similarity in diet composition for salmon at the lower three sites was expected given the similarity in habitat mosaics in the lower estuary and given the relatively short travel time (~1 d) in which the fish migrate through the lower estuary.
“Greater similarity in diet composition for salmon at the lower three sites was expected given the similarity in habitat mosaics in the lower estuary (Marcoe and Pilson 2017) and given the relatively short travel time (∼1 d) in which the fish migrate through the lower estuary (Harnish et al. 2012;Morrice et al. 2020).”
From Life in the Fast Lane: Feeding and Growth of Juvenile Steelhead and Chinook Salmon in <scp>Main‐Stem</scp> Habitats of the Columbia River Estuary (2022) · cites this paper as Harnish et al. 2012
Stomach contents at rkm 15 are an integrative measurement of prior feeding in the LCRE rather than a point estimate, given rapid travel times (>50 km/d) of yearling juvenile salmon through the LCRE, though residence times can be longer by life history strategy.
“Stomach contents at rkm 15 should not be considered a point estimate, but rather an integrative measurement of prior feeding in the LCRE, given the rapid travel times (>50 km/d) estimated for yearling juvenile salmon migrating through the LCRE (Harnish et al. 2012, Weitkamp et al. 2015), though residence times in the LCRE can be considerably longer according to life history strategy (Johnson et al”
From Evidence‐based evaluation of the cumulative effects of ecosystem restoration (2016) · cites this paper as Harnish et al. 2012
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Service, U. S. F. A. W., Towne, K., Brandes, P. L., & U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, (. (2018) · San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science · doi:10.15447/sfews.2018v16iss3art5 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Juvenile river residence and performance of Snake River fall Chinook salmon
Chittaro, P. M., Hegg, J. C., Kennedy, B. P., Weitkamp, L. A., Johnson, L. L., Bucher, C., & Zabel, R. W. (2019) · Ecology Of Freshwater Fish · doi:10.1111/eff.12462 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Walker, R. W., Brown, R. S., Deters, K. A., Eppard, M. B., & Cooke, S. J. (2013) · Fisheries Research · doi:10.1016/j.fishres.2013.04.010 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Welch, D. W., Porter, A. D., & Rechisky, E. L. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/476408 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Dietary connections of marine species in Puget Sound
Chittaro, P. M., Andrews, K. S., Tolimieri, N., Gates, J. B., Buckner, E. V., Sosik, E. A., Conway-Cranos, L. L., Howe, E. R., & Tonnes, D. (2025) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps14975 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Reduced recruitment of Chinook salmon in a leveed bar-built estuary
Chen, E. K., & Henderson, M. J. (2021) · Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences · doi:10.1139/cjfas-2020-0122 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Romer, J. D., Gitelman, A. I., Clements, S., & Schreck, C. B. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0132912 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), R., Diefenderfer, H. L., USDOE, Johnson, G. E., Thom, 孟. 陆. R., Borde, A. B., Woodley, C., Weitkamp, L. A., Buenau, K. E., & Kropp, R. K. (2013) · doi:10.2172/1113603 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationReview of the Comparative Survival Study's Draft 2012 Annual Report
Alldredge, R., Congleton, J. L., Fausch, K. D., Levings, C. D., Myers, K. W., Naiman, R. J., Rieman, B. E., Ruggerone, G., Saito, L. E., Scarnecchia, D. L., et al. (2012)
Skalski, J. R., & Whitlock, S. L. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12737231
USDOE, Sather, N. K., Diefenderfer, H. L., & McKeon, M. A. (2026) · doi:10.2172/3440650
- Authors
- Harnish, R. A., Johnson, G. E., McMichael, G. A., Hughes, M. S., & Ebberts, B. D.
- Affiliations
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (US)
- United States Army Corps of Engineers (US)
- Corresponding author
- Harnish, Ryan A.
- Venue
- Transactions of the American Fisheries Society
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2012-03
- Volume
- 141
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 507-519
- ISSN
- 0002-8487 (ISSN-L)
- 1548-8659
- OpenAlex
- W2163655505
- Cited by
- 45
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 5.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Portland District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Fish Ecology and Management Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Marine and fisheries research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Ichthyology and Marine Biology
- Keywords
- juvenile salmonids, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, steelhead, downstream migration, migration routes, travel time, smolt survival, Columbia River estuary, navigation channels, tidal transport, smolt mortality, life history diversity
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