Tea catechins and polyphenols: Health effects, metabolism, and antioxidant functions
Abstract
Increasing interest in the health benefits of tea has led to the inclusion of tea extracts in dietary supplements and functional foods. However, epidemiologic evidence regarding the effects of tea consumption on cancer and cardiovascular disease risk is conflicting. While tea contains a number of bioactive chemicals, it is particularly rich in catechins, of which epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant. Catechins and their derivatives are thought to contribute to the beneficial effects ascribed to tea. Tea catechins and polyphenols are effective scavengers of reactive oxygen species in vitro and may also function indirectly as antioxidants through their effects on transcription factors and enzyme activities. The fact that catechins are rapidly and extensively metabolized emphasizes the importance of demonstrating their antioxidant activity in vivo. In humans, modest transient increases in plasma antioxidant capacity have been demonstrated following the consumption of tea and green tea catechins. The effects of tea and green tea catechins on biomarkers of oxidative stress, especially oxidative DNA damage, appear very promising in animal models, but data on biomarkers of in vivo oxidative stress in humans are limited. Larger human studies examining the effects of tea and tea catechin intake on biomarkers of oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA are needed.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In vivo studies indicate an increase from 2 to 15% in plasma antioxidant activity following the consumption of tea or tea polyphenols.
“In vivo studies indicate an increase (from 2 to 15%) in plasma antioxidant activity following the consumption of tea or tea polyphenols [215].”
From Bioactive Compounds for Skin Health: A Review (2021) · cites this paper as [215]
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Plant Phenolics: Extraction, Analysis and Their Antioxidant and Anticancer Properties
Dai, J., & Mumper, R. J. (2010) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules15107313 · Cited by 4,541 · see citing works
“Tea polyphenols [212] and other extensively studied polyphenols such as resveratrol [163,213], quercetin [214-216] were also showed to exert protective”
Polyphenols and disease risk in epidemiologic studies
Arts, I. C., & Hollman, P. C. (2005) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/81.1.317s · Cited by 1,916 · see citing works
Beneficial Effects of Green Tea—A Review
Cabrera, C., Artacho, R., & Giménez, R. (2006) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2006.10719518 · Cited by 1,904 · see citing works
“Nevertheless, a substantial number of human intervention studies with green tea demonstrate a significant increase in plasma antioxidant capacity in humans after consumption of moderate amounts (1–6 cups/day); there are also initial indications which show that the enhanced blood antioxidant potential leads to a reduce…”
BackgroundSingh, B. N., Shankar, S., & Srivastava, R. K. (2011) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2011.07.093 · Cited by 1,603 · see citing works
Flavonoids as Important Molecules of Plant Interactions with the Environment
Mierziak, J., Kostyń, K., & Kulma, A. (2014) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules191016240 · Cited by 1,200 · see citing works
““re-cycling” of other antioxidants [4,7–11].”
Tea Polyphenols for Health Promotion
Khan, N., & Mukhtar, H. (2007) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2007.06.011 · Cited by 1,156 · see citing works
Cancer prevention by tea: animal studies, molecular mechanisms and human relevance
Yang, C. S., Wang, X., Lü, G., & Picinich, S. C. (2009) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc2641 · Cited by 1,153 · see citing works
Regulation of inflammation and redox signaling by dietary polyphenols
Rahman, I., Biswas, S. K., & Kirkham, P. (2006) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2006.07.004 · Cited by 992 · see citing works
“Only transient and modest increases in plasma total antioxidant activity after tea ingestion have been reported in human subjects [34].”
BackgroundBeneficial effects of green tea: A literature review
Sabu, M. C., Thambi, P. T., Kuttan, R., & Nishigaki, I. (2010) · Chinese Medicine · doi:10.1186/1749-8546-5-13 · Cited by 992 · see citing works
“beneficial effects of green tea were attributed to its most abundant catechin, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) [13-15].”
BackgroundSorghum phytochemicals and their potential impact on human health
Awika, J. M., & Rooney, L. W. (2004) · Phytochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.04.001 · Cited by 966 · see citing works
“In general several epidemiological studies show that red wine and tea consumption correlate with reduced risk of CVD (StLeger et al., 1979; Renaud and De Lorgeril, 1992; Higdon and Frei, 2003).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialAntioxidant Activity of Tea Polyphenols In Vivo: Evidence from Animal Studies
Frei, B. B., & Higdon, J. V. (2003) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/133.10.3275s · Cited by 962 · see citing works
Self-citationThe antioxidant and pro-oxidant activities of green tea polyphenols: A role in cancer prevention
Lambert, J. D., & Elias, R. J. (2010) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/j.abb.2010.06.013 · Cited by 865 · see citing works
“As described above, tea polyphenols are strong radical scavengers and metal chelators in model chemical systems, and these effects correlate with the presence of the dihydroxy and trihydroxy groups (reviewed in [3,4]).”
BackgroundGreen tea and its polyphenolic catechins: Medicinal uses in cancer and noncancer applications
Zaveri, N. T. (2006) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2005.12.006 · Cited by 811 · see citing works
“Although modest and transient increases in plasma antioxidant capacity with green tea consumption have been reported (Higdon and Frei, 2003), its contribution to the inhibition of carcinogenesis is yet to be established.”
BackgroundIntake and bioaccessibility of total polyphenols in a whole diet
Saura-Calixto, F. D., Serrano, J. C. E., & Goñi, I. (2006) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.02.006 · Cited by 740 · see citing works
Flavonoids as natural phenolic compounds and their role in therapeutics: an overview
Mutha, R. E., Tatiya, A. U., & Surana, S. J. (2021) · Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1186/s43094-020-00161-8 · Cited by 626 · see citing works
Cancer Chemoprevention Through Dietary Antioxidants: Progress and Promise
Khan, N., Afaq, F., & Mukhtar, H. (2007) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2007.1740 · Cited by 592 · see citing works
“The plasma EGC and EGCG returned to baseline, but plasma ECG remained elevated even after 24 h (106).”
Kell, D. B. (2009) · BMC Medical Genomics · doi:10.1186/1755-8794-2-2 · Cited by 554 · see citing works
“[1804-1813], are widely used as food antioxidants [1814,”
MethodGreen Tea Catechins and Cardiovascular Health: An Update
Babu, P. V. A., & Liu, D. (2008) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/092986708785132979 · Cited by 558 · see citing works
Cellular Red-Ox system in health and disease: The latest update
Jena, A. B., Samal, R. R., Bhol, N. K., & Duttaroy, A. K. (2023) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114606 · Cited by 561 · see citing works
Metabolic fate of polyphenols in the human superorganism
van Duynhoven, J., Vaughan, E. E., Jacobs, D. M., A. Kemperman, R., van Velzen, E. J. J., Gross, G., Roger, L. C., Possemiers, S., Smilde, A. K., Doré, J., et al. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1000098107 · Cited by 540 · see citing works
“Indeed, numerous studies with polyphenols in pure form, or as occurring in natural extracts, have been performed that confirm their antioxidant capacity by chemical assays or in cell models (6).”
BackgroundRapa, S. F., Iorio, B. R. D., Campiglia, P., Heidland, A., & Marzocco, S. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21010263 · Cited by 524 · see citing works
Neurological mechanisms of green tea polyphenols in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases
Weinreb, O., Mandel, S. A., Amit, T., & Youdim, M. B. H. (2004) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2004.05.002 · Cited by 506 · see citing works
“The favorable properties ascribed to tea consumption re believed to rely on its bioactive components, catechins nd their derivatives, which have been shown to act directly s radical scavengers and exert indirect antioxidant effects hrough activation of transcription factors and antioxidant nzymes (for reviews see [12,…”
BackgroundPolyphenols and cardiovascular disease: effects on endothelial and platelet function
Vita, J. A. (2005) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/81.1.292s · Cited by 495 · see citing works
The chemistry and biotransformation of tea constituents
Sang, S., Lambert, J. D., Ho, C.-T., & Yang, C. S. (2011) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2011.02.007 · Cited by 492 · see citing works
“Consumption of tea has been associated with many health enefits including the prevention of cancer and heart disease [1–4].”
BackgroundAntioxidant properties of catechins: Comparison with other antioxidants
Grzesik, M., Naparło, K., Bartosz, G., & Sadowska‐Bartosz, I. (2017) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.08.117 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Polyphenols and their benefits: A review
Rasouli, H., Farzaei, M. H., & Khodarahmi, R. (2017) · International Journal of Food Properties · doi:10.1080/10942912.2017.1354017 · Cited by 490 · see citing works
High-Mobility Group Box 1, Oxidative Stress, and Disease
Tang, D., Kang, R., Zeh, H. J., & Lotze, M. T. (2010) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2010.3356 · Cited by 465 · see citing works
“Tea extracts increase antioxidant activity in the blood (74).”
BackgroundCatechin polyphenols: neurodegeneration and neuroprotection in neurodegenerative diseases
Mandel, S. A., & Youdim, M. B. H. (2004) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.04.012 · Cited by 443 · see citing works
Hepatotoxicity of high oral dose (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate in mice
Lambert, J. D., Kennett, M. J., Sang, S., Reuhl, K. R., Ju, J., & Yang, C. S. (2009) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2009.10.030 · Cited by 436 · see citing works
“This is in agreement with the increasing body of data that suggests that at least some of the biological effects of EGCG are due to induction of oxidative stress (Frei and Higdon, 2003; Higdon and Frei, 2003; Rietveld and Wiseman, 2003; Elbling et al., 2005; Hou et al., 2005).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialAnti‐obesity effects of green tea: From bedside to bench
Wolfram, S., Wang, Y., & Thielecke, F. (2006) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.200500102 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
A new proposed guidance system for beverage consumption in the United States
Popkin, B. M., Armstrong, L. E., Bray, G. M., Caballero, B., Frei, B., & Willett, W. C. (2006) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn.83.3.529 · Cited by 431 · see citing works
“Although there is solid evidence that tea protects against chemically induced cancers in experimental animals, it remains unclear whether tea consumption lowers cancer risk in humans (42).”
BackgroundSelf-citationKlaus, S., Pültz, S., Thöne‐Reineke, C., & Wolfram, S. (2005) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802926 · Cited by 423 · see citing works
Diet-Derived Phenols in Plasma and Tissues and their Implications for Health
Clifford, M. N. (2004) · Planta Medica · doi:10.1055/s-2004-835835 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Polyphenols, oral health and disease: A review
Petti, S., & Scully, C. M. (2009) · Journal of Dentistry · doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2009.02.003 · Cited by 411 · see citing works
Green tea catechins during food processing and storage: A review on stability and detection
Ananingsih, V. K., Sharma, A., & Zhou, W. (2011) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2011.03.004 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Fruit polyphenols, immunity and inflammation
González-Gallego, J., García-Mediavilla, M. V., Sánchez-Campos, S., & Tuñón, M. J. (2010) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114510003910 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
“There is some evidence that green tea at high levels of intake may provide some benefit in preventing cancers of the digestive tract, especially gastric cancer((103)).”
BackgroundHu, B., Pan, C., Sun, Y., Hou, Z., Ye, H., Hu, B., & Zeng, X. (2008) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf801111c · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Potenza, M. A., Marasciulo, F. L., Tarquinio, M., Tiravanti, E., Colantuono, G., Federici, A., Kim, J., Quon, M. J., & Montagnani, M. (2007) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00698.2006 · Cited by 380 · see citing works
“Large epidemiological studies linking consumption of these functional foods with improved cardiovascular outcomes are intriguing (18, 19, 43).”
BackgroundThe potential role of green tea catechins in the prevention of the metabolic syndrome – A review
Thielecke, F., & Boschmann, M. (2009) · Phytochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.11.011 · Cited by 380 · see citing works
“In brief, the suggested mechanisms in the support of cardiovascular health by green tea involve potent antioxidant activity (Higdon and Frei, 2003), anti-inflammatory properties (Yang et al.”
BackgroundMandel, S. A., Weinreb, O., Amit, T., & Youdim, M. B. H. (2004) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.02291.x · Cited by 379 · see citing works
“…with a reduced incidence of certain cancers, especially skin, lung, esophagus, stomach, liver, and prostate in animal models (Yang and Wang 1993; Higdon and Frei 2003), and to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in a wide array of cell lines as a consequence of pro-oxidant, proapoptotic…”
BackgroundEffects of Green Tea and EGCG on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health
Wolfram, S. (2007) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2007.10719626 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Sang, S., Lee, M., Hou, Z., Ho, C., & Yang, C. S. (2005) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf0519055 · Cited by 372 · see citing works
Erdman, J. W., Balentine, D. A., Arab, L., Beecher, G. R., Dwyer, J. T., Folts, J. D., Harnly, J. M., Hollman, P. C. H., Keen, C. L., Mazza, G., et al. (2007) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/137.3.718s · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Anesini, C. A., Ferraro, G., & Filip, R. (2008) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf8022782 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Mokrá, D., Jošková, M., & Mokrý, J. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24010340 · Cited by 380 · see citing works
“(ECG) in relation to some of their antioxidant actions [51,52,54,55].”
BackgroundEpigallocatechin Gallate: A Review of Its Beneficial Properties to Prevent Metabolic Syndrome
Legeay, S., Rodier, M., Fillon, L., Faure, S., & Clere, N. (2015) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu7075230 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
“Indeed, EGCG is the most abundant catechin in green tea infusions (for review see [13,15]) and it is considered as one of the most active molecules known for their antioxidant properties [16] (Table 2).”
BackgroundMultifunctional Activities of Green Tea Catechins in Neuroprotection
Mandel, S. A., Avramovich‐Tirosh, Y., Reznichenko, L., Zheng, H., Weinreb, O., Amit, T., & Youdim, M. B. H. (2005) · Neurosignals · doi:10.1159/000085385 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Araghizadeh, A., Kohanteb, J., & Fani, M. M. (2013) · Medical Principles and Practice · doi:10.1159/000348299 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Bioactive Compounds for Skin Health: A Review
Michalak, M., Pierzak, M., Kręcisz, B., & Suliga, E. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13010203 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
Total phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of tropical fruit pineapple
Hossain, M. A., & Rahman, S. M. M. (2010) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2010.11.036 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Classification and antioxidant assays of polyphenols: a review
Lang, Y., Gao, N., Zang, Z., Meng, X., Lin, Y., Yang, S., Yang, Y., Jin, Z., & Li, B. (2023) · Journal of Future Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jfutfo.2023.07.002 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Antioxidant activity of hot water extract from the fruit of the Doum palm, Hyphaene thebaica
Hsu, B., Coupar, I. M., & Ng, K. (2005) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.05.077 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Epigallocatechin Gallate Supplementation Alleviates Diabetes in Rodents
Wolfram, S., Raederstorff, D., Preller, M., Wang, Y., Teixeira, S. R., Riegger, C., & Weber, P. (2006) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/136.10.2512 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
Antioxidative and anti-carcinogenic activities of tea polyphenols
Yang, C. S., Lambert, J. D., & Sang, S. (2008) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00204-008-0372-0 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
“In humans, only transient and modest increases in total plasma antioxidant activity after tea ingestion were observed in some, but not other, experiments (Higdon and Frei 2003).”
Mechanisms of action of green tea catechins, with a focus on ischemia-induced neurodegeneration
Sutherland, B. A., Rahman, R. M. A., & Appleton, I. (2005) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.10.005 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
“[84,85] for reviews).”
Natural and synthetic antioxidants: An updated overview
Augustyniak, A., Bartosz, G., Čipak, A., Duburs, G., Horáková, L., Łuczaj, W., Majekova, M., Odysseos, A. D., Rackova, L., Skrzydlewska, E., et al. (2010) · Free Radical Research · doi:10.3109/10715762.2010.508495 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Antioxidant activity of Camellia sinensis leaves and tea from a lowland plantation in Malaysia
Chan, E. W. C., Lim, Y. Y., & Chew, Y.-L. (2006) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.07.009 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Zhao, C., Tang, G., Cao, S., Xu, X., Gan, R., Liu, Q., Mao, Q., Shang, A., & Li, H. (2019) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox8070215 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Isbrucker, R. A., Edwards, J. A., Wolz, E., Davidovich, A., & Bausch, J. (2006) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2005.11.003 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
“Studies in animals and humans have also suggested that green tea extract, and its principal compound, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), can reduce lipid levels, inhibit the actions of carcinogens, and have cardioprotective effects (for reviews, see Higdon and Frei, 2003; Ioannides and Yoxall, 2003).”
BackgroundElbling, L., Weiss, R.-M., Teufelhofer, O., Uhl, M., Knasmüller, S., Schulte‐Hermann, R., Berger, W., & Micksche, M. (2005) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.04-2915fje · Cited by 313 · see citing works
“GTEs and EGCG as the main polyphenolic flavonoid and major chatechin belong to those phytochemicals that are in the focus of dietary supplements and functional foods for health benefits as well as cancer prevention (2, 3, 41, 42).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialYang, F., Chen, C., Ni, D., Yang, Y., Tian, J., Li, Y., Chen, S., Ye, X., & Wang, L. (2023) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods12173315 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Interactions of tea tannins and condensed tannins with proteins
Frazier, R. A., Deaville, E. R., Green, R. J., et al. (2009) · Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2009.05.035 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Tea Plant Information Archive: a comprehensive genomics and bioinformatics platform for tea plant
Xia, E., Li, F., Tong, W., et al. (2019) · Plant Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1111/pbi.13111 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
“Tea comprises plentiful characteristic metabolites such as tea polyphenol, caffeine, amino acids (mainly theanine), vitamins and minerals that are beneficial to human health (Higdon and Frei, 2003; da Silva, 2013; Yang and Landau, 2000).”
BackgroundNatural products as photoprotection
Saewan, N., & Jimtaisong, A. (2015) · Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology · doi:10.1111/jocd.12123 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Fruit and vegetable phytochemicals: chemistry, nutritional value and stability
la Rosa, L. A. D., ́Álvarez-Parrilla, E., & González-Aguilar, G. A. (2009) · Andalas University Repository (Andalas University) · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Mandel, S. A., Amit, T., Reznichenko, L., Weinreb, O., & Youdim, M. B. H. (2006) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.200500156 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Meng, F., Abedini, A., Plesner, A., Verchere, C. B., & Raleigh, D. P. (2010) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi100939a · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Dube, A., Nicolazzo, J. A., & Larson, I. C. (2010) · European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ejps.2010.06.010 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Bioavailability issues in studying the health effects of plant polyphenolic compounds
Yang, C. S., Sang, S., Lambert, J. D., & Lee, M. (2008) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.200700234 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Mhatre, S., Srivastava, T., Naik, S. V., & Patravale, V. B. (2020) · Phytomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153286 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
“All these TFs are being researched for their bioactive properties and are known for their broad-spectrum biological properties, like anti-tumor, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-bacterial properties (Higdon and Frei, 2003; Lambert and Yang, 2003; Yang and Landau, 2000).”
Biotransformation of Green Tea Polyphenols and the Biological Activities of Those Metabolites
Lambert, J. D., Sang, S., & Yang, C. S. (2007) · Molecular Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1021/mp700075m · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Roccaro, A. S., Blanco, A. R., Giuliano, F., Rusciano, D., & Enea, V. (2004) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.48.6.1968-1973.2004 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
“genicity, and have antioxidant actions (5).”
Common tea formulations modulate in vitro digestive recovery of green tea catechins
Green, R. J., Murphy, A. S., Schulz, B., Watkins, B. A., & Ferruzzi, M. G. (2007) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.200700086 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Cancer prevention by tea: Evidence from laboratory studies
Yang, C. S., Wang, H., Li, G. X., Yang, Z., Guan, F., & Jin, H. (2011) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2011.03.001 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Wang, R., Zhou, W., & Jiang, X. (2008) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf0730338 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Quality and antioxidant property of green tea sponge cake
Lu, T., Lee, C., Mau, J., & Lin, S. (2009) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.08.015 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Nakagawa, H. (2004) · Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1093/carcin/bgh168 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Evaluation of the antioxidant potential of grape seed and bearberry extracts in raw and cooked pork
Carpenter, R., O’Grady, M. N., O’Callaghan, Y. C., O’Brien, N. M., & Kerry, J. P. (2007) · Meat Science · doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2007.01.021 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
“Nutraceuticals are believed to modulate the aetiology of many chronic diseases such as cancer (Gao et al., 2003; Higdon & Frei, 2003), coronary heart disease (Donaldson, 2004; Somova, Shode, Ramnanan, & Nadar, 2003), diabetes (Maghrani et al., 2004), hypertension and osteoporosis (Position of the…”
BackgroundWeinreb, O., Amit, T., Mandel, S. A., & Youdim, M. B. H. (2009) · Genes & Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s12263-009-0143-4 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
“The favorable properties ascribed to tea consumption are believed to rely on its bioactive flavanol class-related catechins and their derivatives, demonstrated to act as radical scavengers and exert indirect antioxidant effects through activation of transcription factors, signaling regulators and antioxidant enzymes (…”
BackgroundCall to Action: Cardiovascular Disease in Asian Americans
Palaniappan, L. P., Araneta, M. R. G., Assimes, T. L., Barrett-Connor, E. L., Carnethon, M. R., Criqui, M. H., Fung, G. L., Narayan, K. M. V., Patel, H. M., Taylor‐Piliae, R. E., et al. (2010) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e3181f22af4 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Saeed, M., Naveed, M., Arif, M. A., Kakar, M. U., Manzoor, R., El-Hack, M. E. A., Alagawany, M. M., Tiwari, R., Khandia, R., Munjal, A. K., et al. (2017) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.024 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Natural Products from Herbal Medicine Self‐Assemble into Advanced Bioactive Materials
Guo, X., Luo, W., Wu, L., Zhang, L., Chen, Y., Li, T., Li, H., Zhang, W., Liu, Y., Zheng, J., et al. (2024) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202403388 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
The relationship between phenolic compounds from diet and microbiota: impact on human health
Valdés, L., Cuervo, A. J. V., Salazar, N., Ruas‐Madiedo, P., Gueimonde, M., & González, S. (2015) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/c5fo00322a · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Identification and quantification of antioxidants in Fructus lycii
LE, K., Chiu, F. C. K., & Ng, K. (2007) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.11.063 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Mantovani, G., Macciò, A., Madeddu, C., Serpe, R., Massa, E., Dessì, M., Panzone, F., & Contu, P. (2010) · The Oncologist · doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2009-0153 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Nirumand, M., Hajialyani, M., Rahimi, R., Farzaei, M. H., Zingue, S., Nabavi, S. M., & Bishayee, A. (2018) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms19030765 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
“The antioxidant activity of catechin could be attributed to either its radical scavenging and metal-chelating properties, or its modulatory effect on transcription factors and enzymes [118].”
BackgroundPolyphenol uses in biomaterials engineering
Shavandi, A., Bekhit, A. E. A., Saeedi, P., Izadifar, Z., Bekhit, A. A., & Khademhosseini, A. (2018) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.03.018 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
“Tea catechins exhibited significant activity in preventing the oxidative damages of DNA from in vivo studies [14].”
Tea plant genomics: achievements, challenges and perspectives
Xia, E., Tong, W., Wu, Q., Wei, S., Zhao, J. H., Zhang, Z., Wei, C., & Wan, X. (2020) · Horticulture Research · doi:10.1038/s41438-019-0225-4 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Krupkova, O., Ferguson, S. J., & Wuertz‐Kozak, K. (2016) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.01.002 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
“Authors of several clinical studies on tea ingestions concluded that milk might adversely affect tea catechin absorption [2].”
BackgroundInfluentialNovel uses of catechins in foods
Yılmaz, Y. (2005) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2005.10.005 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Significant longevity-extending effects of EGCG on Caenorhabditis elegans under stress
Zhang, L., Jie, G., Zhang, J., & Zhao, B. (2008) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.10.041 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
“EGCG has been reported to be an affective antioxidant [40,41].”
BackgroundZhang, Y., & Rock, C. O. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m403697200 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Mandel, S. A., Amit, T., Weinreb, O., Reznichenko, L., & Youdim, M. B. H. (2008) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1755-5949.2008.00060.x · Cited by 222 · see citing works
“All four tea catechins have been demonstrated to be potent antioxidants, resulting from their direct oxygen and nitrogen species scavenging properties, induction of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, and the capacity to bind and chelate excess of divalent metals, such as iron and copper (for reviews, see [5,6]).”
BackgroundGall, G. L., Colquhoun, I. J., & Defernez, M. (2004) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf034828r · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Molecular mechanisms of action of epigallocatechin gallate in cancer: Recent trends and advancement
Aggarwal, V., Tuli, H. S., Tania, M., Srivastava, S., Ritzer, E. E., Pandey, A., Aggarwal, D., Barwal, T. S., Jain, A., Kaur, G., et al. (2020) · Seminars in Cancer Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.05.011 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Green Tea: Nature's Defense against Malignancies
Butt, M. S., & Sultan, M. T. (2009) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408390802145310 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
“Polyphenols are the active ingredients in green tea that hold antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic properties and such health benefits of tea are mainly attributed to its polyphenols contents ( Higdon and Frei, 2003 ; Katiyar et al, 2001 ).”
BackgroundAcute EGCG Supplementation Reverses Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Widlansky, M. E., Hamburg, N. M., Anter, E., HOLBROOK, M. M., Kahn, D. F., Elliott, J. G., Keaney, J. F., & Vita, J. A. (2007) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2007.10719590 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
“ages [3–6].”
Green tea effects on cognition, mood and human brain function: A systematic review
Mancini, E., Beglinger, C., Drewe, J., Zanchi, D., Lang, U. E., & Borgwardt, S. (2017) · Phytomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2017.07.008 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
“Most of the authors attribute the beneficial effects of green tea to the high levels of EGCG and other antioxidants in green tea leaves (Higdon and Frei, 2003; Nagle et al., 2006; Scapagnini et al., 2011) and iron-chelation (Mandel et al., 2011).”
BackgroundInfluentialBozkurt, H. (2006) · Meat Science · doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2006.01.005 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Tea Polyphenol (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate: A New Trapping Agent of Reactive Dicarbonyl Species
Sang, S., Shao, X., Bai, N., Lo, C., Yang, C. S., & Ho, C. (2007) · Chemical Research in Toxicology · doi:10.1021/tx700190s · Cited by 212 · see citing works
- Authors
- Higdon, J. V., & Frei, B.
- Affiliations
- Oregon State University (US)
- Venue
- Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2003-01
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 89-143
- ISSN
- 1040-8398 (ISSN-L)
- 1549-7852
- OpenAlex
- W2116597521
- Cited by
- 1,854
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 79 · 2023: 94 · 2022: 77 · 2021: 81 · 2020: 110 · 2019: 72 · 2018: 98 · 2017: 80 · 2016: 89 · 2015: 104 · 2014: 97 · 2013: 98 · 2012: 107
- FWCI
- 38.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Tea Polyphenols and Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Coffee research and impacts
- Keywords
- tea catechins, polyphenols, epigallocatechin gallate, green tea, antioxidant activity, oxidative stress, oxidative DNA damage, plasma antioxidant capacity, cancer risk, cardiovascular risk, functional foods, dietary supplements, reactive oxygen species
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antioxidants, Biological Availability, Cardiovascular Diseases, Catechin, Chronic Disease, Flavonoids, Humans, Neoplasms, Phenols, Polymers, Tea, Biomarkers, Free Radical Scavengers, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
