The DOI matches its Crossref record; 93 of the 94 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Does habit strength moderate the intention–behaviour relationship in the Theory of Planned Behaviour? The case of fruit consumption
Open accessAbstract
The present study examined if habit strength moderated the influence of intention on fruit consumption in a Dutch adult sample (N = 521, 46.3% males, mean age = 34.50, SD = 10.87), using the theoretical relations of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). TPB variables and habit strength were assessed at baseline. Fruit consumption was assessed with a validated questionnaire five weeks later. Three groups were created: low habit strength (n = 180), medium habit strength (n = 185) and high habit strength (n = 156). Confirmatory factor analyses and multi-group path analyses were performed using AMOS 4.0. A good fit was obtained for the overall measurement model and the structural models. Multi-group path analyses showed that intention was a significant predictor of fruit consumption in the low habit (β = 0.36, p < 0.001) and medium habit group (β = 0.30, p < 0.001), but a non-significant predictor in the high habit group (β = 0.05, p = 0.596). Implications for information-based and motivation-based interventions are discussed.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The text we found for this paper looks like another document, so the self-check wasn’t run.
Citations
Cites
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/10705519909540118 · Cited by 108,788
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Muller, K. E., & Cohen, J. (1989) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270020 · Cited by 99,603
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173 · Cited by 91,532
The theory of planned behavior
Ajzen, I. (1991) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-t · Cited by 90,587
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (1983) · Cited by 79,882
Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences
Cohen, J. (1990) · Computers Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/0198-9715(90)90050-4 · Cited by 65,417
Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach
Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411 · Cited by 41,941
Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling
Tabri, N., & Elliott, C. M. (2012) · Canadian Graduate Journal of Sociology and Criminology · doi:10.15353/cgjsc.v1i1.3787 · Cited by 39,094
Multiple regression: testing and interpreting interactions
(1992) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.29-3352 · Cited by 36,647
(1998) · Cited by 36,049
Alternative Ways of Assessing Model Fit
Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1992) · Sociological Methods & Research · doi:10.1177/0049124192021002005 · Cited by 27,200
Comparative fit indexes in structural models.
Bentler, P. M. (1990) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238 · Cited by 25,266
Structural Equations with Latent Variables
Bollen, K. A. (1989) · Wiley series in probability and statistics · doi:10.1002/9781118619179 · Cited by 17,944
Structural Equations with Latent Variables.
Clogg, C. C., & Bollen, K. A. (1991) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2072165 · Cited by 17,475
Testing Structural Equation Models.
Mueller, C. W., Bollen, K. A., & Long, J. S. (1994) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2074955 · Cited by 14,211
Efficacy of the Theory of Planned Behaviour: A meta‐analytic review
Armitage, C. J., & Conner, M. (2001) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466601164939 · Cited by 9,970
Perceived Behavioral Control, Self‐Efficacy, Locus of Control, and the Theory of Planned Behavior 1
Ajzen, I. (2002) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb00236.x · Cited by 7,629
Book Review: The Psychology of Attitudes
Chakravarti, D., Eagly, A. H., & Chaiken, S. (1997) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3151869 · Cited by 7,173
Structural Equation Modeling: Concepts, Issues, and Applications.
Smith, M. D., & Hoyle, R. H. (1996) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series D (The Statistician) · doi:10.2307/2988418 · Cited by 6,875
(1988) · Cited by 6,825
Prediction of goal-directed behavior: Attitudes, intentions, and perceived behavioral control
Ajzen, I., & Madden, T. J. (1986) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-1031(86)90045-4 · Cited by 5,718
Chaiken, S. (1980) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.39.5.752 · Cited by 5,516
Curran, P. J., West, S. G., & Finch, J. F. (1996) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.1.1.16 · Cited by 5,512
Nature and Operation of Attitudes
Ajzen, I. (2001) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.27 · Cited by 4,321
Testing moderator and mediator effects in counseling psychology research.
Frazier, P. A., Tix, A. P., & Barron, K. E. (2004) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.51.1.115 · Cited by 4,037
Ouellette, J. A., & Wood, W. (1998) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.124.1.54 · Cited by 3,480
Swinburn, B., Baba, N. H., Belhadj, M., Deurenberg‐Yap, M., Djazayery, A., Forrester, T., Galuska, D. A., Herman, S. T., James, W. P. T., Kabangu, J. R. M., et al. (2003) · World Health Organization eBooks · Cited by 3,453
Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior: A Review and Avenues for Further Research
Conner, M., & Armitage, C. J. (1998) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1998.tb01685.x · Cited by 3,344
The Theory of Planned Behavior: A Review of its Applications to Health-Related Behaviors
Godin, G., & Kok, G. (1996) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/0890-1171-11.2.87 · Cited by 3,185
Holmbeck, G. N. (1997) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.65.4.599 · Cited by 3,036
Alternative ways of assessing model fit
Browne, M. (1993) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,595
(1993) · Cited by 2,269
Couper, M. P. (2000) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1086/318641 · Cited by 2,086
Comparative Fit Indices in Structural Models
Bentler, P. M. (1990) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 2,044
Reflections on Past Behavior: A Self‐Report Index of Habit Strength 1
Verplanken, B., & Orbell, S. (2003) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2003.tb01951.x · Cited by 2,030
Hagger, M. S., Chatzisarantis, N. L. D., & Biddle, S. (2002) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.24.1.3 · Cited by 1,746
(1999) · Cited by 1,648
Bargh, J. A. (1994) · Cited by 1,587
Cohen, J. (1983) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662168300700301 · Cited by 1,564
(2020) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119568124 · Cited by 1,498
Values, attitudes, and interpersonal behavior.
Triandis, H. C. (1980) · PubMed · Cited by 1,414
Bamberg, S., Ajzen, I., & Schmidt, P. (2003) · Basic and Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15324834basp2503_01 · Cited by 1,305
(2002) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.39-2858 · Cited by 1,304
The heuristic model of persuasion.
Chaiken, S. (1987) · Cited by 1,264
Residual Effects of Past on Later Behavior: Habituation and Reasoned Action Perspectives
Ajzen, I. (2002) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0602_02 · Cited by 1,249
Predicting health behaviour : research and practice with social cognition models
Conner, M. T., & Norman, P. (2005) · Cited by 1,248
Verplanken, B., & Aarts, H. (1999) · European Review of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/14792779943000035 · Cited by 1,056
Testing for Multigroup Invariance Using AMOS Graphics: A Road Less Traveled
Byrne, B. M. (2004) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1207/s15328007sem1102_8 · Cited by 1,045
Predicting and Explaining Intentions and Behavior: How Well Are We Doing?
Sutton, S. R. (1998) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1998.tb01679.x · Cited by 1,032
Kellerman, H., & Burry, A. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-71370-0_12 · Cited by 1,009
European Review of Social Psychology
Nosek, B. A., Smyth, F. L., Hansen, J. J., Devos, T., Lindner, N. M., Ranganath, K. A., Smith, C. T., Olson, K. R., Chugh, D., Greenwald, A. G., et al. (2001) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/0470013478 · Cited by 974
(2014) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315807096 · Cited by 934
Predicting Behavior From Actions in the Past: Repeated Decision Making or a Matter of Habit?
Aarts, H., Verplanken, B., & van Knippenberg, A. (1998) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1998.tb01681.x · Cited by 926
Hardeman, W., Johnston, M., Johnston, D. W., Bonetti, D. L., Wareham, N. J., & Kinmonth, A. L. (2002) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870440290013644a · Cited by 885
Hausenblas, H., Carron, A., & Mack, D. (1997) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.19.1.36 · Cited by 765
The theory of planned behaviour and health behaviours.
Conner, M. T., & SPARKS, P. B. (1996) · Open University Press eBooks · Cited by 719
Beyond frequency: Habit as mental construct
Verplanken, B. (2006) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466605x49122 · Cited by 648
Habit versus planned behaviour: A field experiment
Verplanken, B., Aarts, H., van Knippenberg, A., & Moonen, A. J. H. (1998) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1998.tb01160.x · Cited by 612
The theory of planned behavior and healthy eating
Conner, M., Norman, P., & Bell, R. (2002) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.21.2.194 · Cited by 584
Conner, M. T., & Abraham, C. (2001) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672012711014 · Cited by 398
The theory of planned behavior and smoking cessation.
Norman, P. E., Conner, M. T., & Bell, R. (1999) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//0278-6133.18.1.89 · Cited by 357
Handbook of sport psychology, 2nd ed.
Singer, R. N., Hausenblas, H. A., & Janelle, C. M. (2001) · Cited by 337
Habit and information use in travel mode choices
Aarts, H., Verplanken, B., & van Knippenberg, A. (1997) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/s0001-6918(97)00008-5 · Cited by 326
Hagger, M. S., Chatzisarantis, N. L. D., & Biddle, S. (2001) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640410152475847 · Cited by 318
THE AUTOMATIC ACTIVATION OF GOAL-DIRECTED BEHAVIOUR: THE CASE OF TRAVEL HABIT
Aarts, H., & Dijksterhuis, A. (2000) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1006/jevp.1999.0156 · Cited by 293
The theory of planned behavior and smoking cessation.
Norman, P. E., Conner, M. T., & Bell, R. (1999) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.18.1.89 · Cited by 289
DiLalla, L. F. (2000) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012691360-6/50016-1 · Cited by 280
Norman, P. E., & Smith, L. (1995) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2420250405 · Cited by 252
Predicting Fruit Consumption: Cognitions, Intention, and Habits
Brug, J., de Vet, E., de Nooijer, J., & Verplanken, B. (2006) · Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2005.11.027 · Cited by 195
Self-citationvan Assema, P., Brug, J., Ronda, G., Steenhuis, I. H., & Oenema, A. (2002) · Nutrition and Health · doi:10.1177/026010600201600203 · Cited by 193
Self-citationBogers, R. P. (2004) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwh123 · Cited by 184
Bogers, R. P., Brug, J., van Assema, P., & Dagnelie, P. C. (2003) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2003.08.015 · Cited by 176
Self-citationApplying Theory of Planned Behavior to Fruit and Vegetable Consumption of Young Adolescents
Lien, N., Lytle, L. A., & Komro, K. A. (2002) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/0890-1171-16.4.189 · Cited by 171
Predicting Repeated Behavior from Intention: The Issue of Scale Correspondence
Courneya, K. S. (1994) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb00601.x · Cited by 166
Nebraska symposium on motivation 1979: beliefs, attitudes, and values.
(1980) · PubMed · Cited by 159
Applying an extended version of the Theory of Planned Behaviour to physical activity
Jackson, C., Smith, A., & Conner, M. T. (2003) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/0264041031000070976 · Cited by 140
Determinants of adolescent bicycle use for transportation and snacking behavior
de Bruijn, G., Kremers, S., Schaalma, H. P., van Mechelen, W., & Brug, J. (2004) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.09.003 · Cited by 138
Self-citationModelling the theory of planned behaviour and past behaviour
Rhodes, R., & Courneya, K. (2003) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/1354850021000059269 · Cited by 135
Physical activity and dietary fiber determine population body fat levels: the Seven Countries Study
for the Seven Countries Study Group, Kromhout, D., Bloemberg, B. P. M., Seidell, J. C., Nissinen, A. M., & Menotti, A. (2001) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801568 · Cited by 132
Godin, G. (1993) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413209308411311 · Cited by 127
Affect, Attitudes and Decisions: Let's Be More Specific
van der Pligt, J., Zeelenberg, M., DIJK, W. W. V., de Vries, N. K., & Richard, R. (1997) · European Review of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/14792779643000074 · Cited by 122
Understanding Soft Drink Consumption Among Male Adolescents Using the Theory of Planned Behavior
Kassem, N. O. F., & Lee, J. W. (2004) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1023/b:jobm.0000028499.29501.8f · Cited by 121
Courneya, K. S., Conner, M. T., & Rhodes, R. E. (2006) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/14768320500422857 · Cited by 106
Effect of error variance heterogeneity on the power of tests for regression slope differences.
Alexander, R. A., & DeShon, R. P. (1994) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.115.2.308 · Cited by 102
Trafimow, D. (2000) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870440008402000 · Cited by 96
Modeling Individual and Physical Environmental Factors with Adolescent Physical Activity
de Bruijn, G., Kremers, S., Lensvelt‐Mulders, G., de Vries, H., van Mechelen, W., & Brug, J. (2006) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2006.03.001 · Cited by 86
Self-citationBlanchard, C. M., Courneya, K. S., Rodgers, W. M., Daub, B., & Knapik, G. (2002) · Rehabilitation Psychology · doi:10.1037/0090-5550.47.3.308 · Cited by 84
Environmental determinants and interventions for physical activity, nutrition and smoking: A review
de Bruijn, G., Kremers, S., Wendel‐Vos, W., van Lenthe, F. J., & Brug, J. (2005) · Cited by 74
Self-citationLaitakari, J., VUORI, I. M., & Oja, P. (1996) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/11.4.463 · Cited by 71
Kremers, S., Visscher, T. L. S., Brug, J., Chinapaw, M. J. M., Schouten, E. G., Schuit, A. J., Seidell, J. C., van Mechelen, W., van Mechelen, W., Kemper, H. C. G., et al. (2005) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602100 · Cited by 45
Self-citationGredig, D., Nideröst, S., & Parpan-Blaser, A. (2006) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/14768320500329417 · Cited by 29
de Vet, E., de Nooijer, J., de Vries, N. K., & Brug, J. (2005) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/14768320500051425 · Cited by 29
Self-citationEnvironmental interventions for selected dietary behaviours in adults
Kremers, S., de Bruijn, G., Droomers, M., van Lenthe, F. J., & Brug, J. (2005) · Rivm (National Institute for Public Health and the Environment) · Cited by 2
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- 10.1037/0022-3514.39.5.752 · DOI · Paper page
- Conner M, 1996, Predicting Health Behaviour, 121
- Eagly A, 1993, The psychology of attitudes
- 10.1037/0022-006X.65.4.599 · DOI
- Kremers SPJ, 2005, Environmental determinants and interventions for physical activity, nutrition and smoking:A review, 282
- 1998, Zo eet Nederland [This is how the Dutch eat]
- Nunnally JC, 1994, Psychometric Theory
Cited by
Sorted by citations
McEachan, R. R. C., Conner, M., Taylor, N. J., & Lawton, R. J. (2011) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2010.521684 · Cited by 2,279
How are habits formed: modelling habit formation in the real world
Lally, P., van Jaarsveld, C. H. M., Potts, H. W. W., & Wardle, J. (2010) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.674 · Cited by 2,036
Gardner, B. (2015) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2013.876238 · Cited by 1,016
Gardner, B., Abraham, C., Lally, P. J., & de Bruijn, G. (2012) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-9-102 · Cited by 909
Nuttavuthisit, K., & Thøgersen, J. (2017) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-015-2690-5 · Cited by 722
Metadata
- Authors
- De Bruijn, G.-J., Kremers, S. P. J., De Vet, E., De Nooijer, J., Van Mechelen, W., & Brug, J.
- Affiliations
- Maastricht University (NL)
- Erasmus University Rotterdam (NL)
- Venue
- Psychology & Health
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2007-12
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 899-916
- ISSN
- 0887-0446 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-8321
- OpenAlex
- W1984859871
- Cited by
- 182
- References
- 94
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 14.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- research.wur.nl
- Locations
- Psychology and Health (publishedVersion)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- World Health Organization
- Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China
- ZonMw
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law › Pro-Environmental Behavior and Attitudes
- Keywords
- habit strength, theory of planned behavior, intention-behavior relationship, fruit consumption, moderation, dietary behaviour, health behavior change, information-based interventions
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review