Emotion Suppression and Acute Physiological Responses to Stress in Healthy Populations: A Quantitative Review of Experimental and Correlational Investigations
Open accessAbstract
Emotion suppression may be linked to poor health outcomes through elevated stress-related physiology. The current meta-analyses investigate the magnitude of the association between suppression and physiological responses to active psychological stress tasks administered in the laboratory. Relevant articles were identified through Medline, PsychINFO, PubMed, and ProQuest. Studies were eligible if they (a) used a sample of healthy, human subjects; (b) assessed physiology during a resting baseline and active psychological stress task; and (c) measured self-report or experimentally manipulated suppression. Twenty-four studies were identified and grouped within two separate random effects meta-analyses based on study methodology, namely, manipulated suppression (k = 12) and/or self-report (k = 14). Experimentally manipulated suppression was associated with greater physiological stress reactivity compared to controls (Hg = 0.20, 95% CI [0.08, 0.33]), primarily driven by cardiac, hemodynamic, and neuroendocrine parameters. Self-report trait suppression was not associated with overall physiological stress reactivity but was associated with greater neuroendocrine reactivity (r = 0.08, 95% CI [0.01, 0.14]). Significant moderator variables were identified (i.e., type/duration of stress task, nature of control instructions, type of physiology, and gender). This review suggests that suppression may exacerbate stress-induced physiological arousal; however, this may differ based upon the chosen methodological assessment of suppression.
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Instructed suppression under laboratory stressors results in greater cardiovascular reactivity, elevated blood pressure, and greater sympathetic activation than non-suppression.
“Their meta-analysis showed that inhibition under laboratory stressors results in greater cardiovascular reactivity, elevated blood pressure, and greater sympathetic activation than control conditions characterized with non-suppression.”
From Strong Enough to Suffer: Emotional Suppression, Stress Exposure, and Physiological Health Among Men Across the Life Course (2026) · cites this paper as Tyra et al., 2024
The Discussion reports greater cardiac and hemodynamic reactivity with instructed suppression and describes activation of the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM) axis. But it says the hemodynamic finding *suggests* increased blood pressure and/or total peripheral resistance, not that blood pressure was definitively elevated. The Results (Experimental manipulation of suppression) also find no significant increase in the miscellaneous autonomic measures, so the claim overstates the evidence for greater sympathetic activation. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredRecent studies support the idea that expressing negative emotions can facilitate mental and physical health, while suppressing these emotions increases the susceptibility to illness.
“Recent studies support the idea that expressing negative emotions can facilitate mental and physical health, while suppressing these emotions increases the susceptibility to illness.”
From Comprehensive review of chronic stress pathways and the efficacy of behavioral stress reduction programs (BSRPs) in managing diseases. (2024) · cites this paper as [337]
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“This mechanism is also empirically supported, with the laboratory research showing that instructed suppression in stressful behaviors results in an increase in the activity of the sympathetic nervous system relative to non-suppression states (Tyra et al., 2024).”
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- Authors
- Tyra, A. T., Fergus, T. A., & Ginty, A. T.
- Affiliations
- Baylor University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tyra, Alexandra T.
- Venue
- Health Psychology Review
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2023-08-30
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 396-420
- ISSN
- 1743-7199 (ISSN-L)
- 1743-7202
- PMC
- PMC12312699
- OpenAlex
- W4386273807
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 137
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 1
- FWCI
- 1.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Health Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K01HL145021)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Keywords
- emotional suppression, physiological stress reactivity, cardiac reactivity, hemodynamic reactivity, neuroendocrine reactivity, trait emotion regulation, gender differences, healthy adults
- MeSH terms
- Emotional Regulation, Emotions, Humans, Stress, Psychological, Healthy Volunteers
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