Taurocholic acid metabolism by gut microbes and colon cancer
Open accessAbstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent causes of cancer death worldwide and is associated with adoption of a diet high in animal protein and saturated fat. Saturated fat induces increased bile secretion into the intestine. Increased bile secretion selects for populations of gut microbes capable of altering the bile acid pool, generating tumor-promoting secondary bile acids such as deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid. Epidemiological evidence suggests CRC is associated with increased levels of DCA in serum, bile, and stool. Mechanisms by which secondary bile acids promote CRC are explored. Furthermore, in humans bile acid conjugation can vary by diet. Vegetarian diets favor glycine conjugation while diets high in animal protein favor taurine conjugation. Metabolism of taurine conjugated bile acids by gut microbes generates hydrogen sulfide, a genotoxic compound. Thus, taurocholic acid has the potential to stimulate intestinal bacteria capable of converting taurine and cholic acid to hydrogen sulfide and deoxycholic acid, a genotoxin and tumor-promoter, respectively.
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Deconjugation of taurine-conjugated BAs impacts colonization resistance against Klebsiella pneumoniae, colorectal cancer development, and metabolic disease.
“For example, deconjugation of taurine-conjugated BAs has been shown to impact the establishment of colonization resistance against Klebsiella pneumoniae, the development of colorectal cancer and more recently metabolic disease43–45.”
From Bile salt hydrolases shape the bile acid landscape and restrict Clostridioides difficile growth in the murine gut (2023) · cites this paper as [45]
The ‘Production of deoxycholic acid’ and ‘Taurocholic acid: metabolic potential for carcinogen and tumor-promoter in one’ sections (pages unavailable) describe deconjugation of taurocholic acid and a proposed pathway linking its microbial metabolites to colorectal cancer. The copy does not address colonization resistance against Klebsiella pneumoniae or an effect of deconjugation on metabolic disease; searches for those terms found no supporting passage. It also presents the cancer link as a mechanism and hypothesis, rather than showing that deconjugation changes cancer development. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredHigh-fat diets have particularly been related to increased risk of colorectal, pancreatic, breast, lung, and prostate cancer.
“High-fat diets for instance have particularly been related to increased risk of colorectal (188), pancreatic (189), breast (190), lung (191), and prostate cancer (192).”
From Metabolic Flexibility as an Adaptation to Energy Resources and Requirements in Health and Disease (2018) · cites this paper as [188]
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- Authors
- Ridlon, J. M., Wolf, P. G., & Gaskins, H. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ridlon, Jason M.
- Venue
- Gut Microbes
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2016-03-22
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 201-215
- ISSN
- 1949-0976 (ISSN-L)
- 1949-0984
- PMC
- PMC4939921
- OpenAlex
- W2329062174
- Cited by
- 327
- References
- 129
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 5
- FWCI
- 1.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Gut Microbes (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Lipids, and Metabolism
- Keywords
- taurocholate, bile acid metabolism, gut microbiota, colorectal cancer, deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, secondary bile acids, hydrogen sulfide, bile acid conjugation, taurine conjugation, glycine conjugation, animal protein diet, saturated fat, genotoxicity
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Bile, Cholagogues and Choleretics, Colonic Neoplasms, Deoxycholic Acid, Detergents, Humans, Hydrogen Sulfide, Mutagens, Taurocholic Acid, Gastrointestinal Tract
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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