Optimization of return electrodes in neurostimulating arrays
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: High resolution visual prostheses require dense stimulating arrays with localized inputs of individual electrodes. We study the electric field produced by multielectrode arrays in electrolyte to determine an optimal configuration of return electrodes and activation sequence. APPROACH: To determine the boundary conditions for computation of the electric field in electrolyte, we assessed current dynamics using an equivalent circuit of a multielectrode array with interleaved return electrodes. The electric field modeled with two different boundary conditions derived from the equivalent circuit was then compared to measurements of electric potential in electrolyte. To assess the effect of return electrode configuration on retinal stimulation, we transformed the computed electric fields into retinal response using a model of neural network-mediated stimulation. MAIN RESULTS: Electric currents at the capacitive electrode-electrolyte interface redistribute over time, so that boundary conditions transition from equipotential surfaces at the beginning of the pulse to uniform current density in steady state. Experimental measurements confirmed that, in steady state, the boundary condition corresponds to a uniform current density on electrode surfaces. Arrays with local return electrodes exhibit improved field confinement and can elicit stronger network-mediated retinal response compared to those with a common remote return. Connecting local return electrodes enhances the field penetration depth and allows reducing the return electrode area. Sequential activation of the pixels in large monopolar arrays reduces electrical cross-talk and improves the contrast in pattern stimulation. SIGNIFICANCE: Accurate modeling of multielectrode arrays helps optimize the electrode configuration to maximize the spatial resolution, contrast and dynamic range of retinal prostheses.
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Local return stimulation can be used to restrict the electrical activation of neurons by shaping the electric field.
“These findings are consistent with previous evidence that local return stimulation can be used to restrict the electrical activation of neurons by shaping the electric field [16, 25].”
From Three-dimensional multilayer concentric bipolar electrodes restrict spatial activation in optic nerve stimulation (2022) · cites this paper as [25]
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- Authors
- Flores, T., Goetz, G., Lei, X., & Palanker, D.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Department of Electrical Engineering
- Corresponding author
- Flores, Thomas
- Goetz, Georges
- Lei, Xin
- Palanker, Daniel
- Venue
- Journal of Neural Engineering
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 2016-04-21
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 036010
- ISSN
- 1741-2552 (ISSN-L)
- 1741-2560
- PMC
- PMC6519450
- OpenAlex
- W2338644482
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 2.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neural Engineering (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (R01-EY-018608)
- U.S. Department of Defense (W81XWH-15-1-0009)
- Pixium Vision Research
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design
- Keywords
- microelectrode arrays, retinal prosthesis, electric field modeling, equivalent circuit model, current density, field confinement, sequential activation, electrode configuration optimization
- MeSH terms
- Algorithms, Animals, Electric Stimulation, Electrodes, Implanted, Electrolytes, Evoked Potentials, Models, Neurological, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Rats, Visual Prosthesis, Neural Prostheses
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Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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