Molecular Architecture of Synaptic Actin Cytoskeleton in Hippocampal Neurons Reveals a Mechanism of Dendritic Spine Morphogenesis
Open accessAbstract
Excitatory synapses in the brain play key roles in learning and memory. The formation and functions of postsynaptic mushroom-shaped structures, dendritic spines, and possibly of presynaptic terminals, rely on actin cytoskeleton remodeling. However, the cytoskeletal architecture of synapses remains unknown hindering the understanding of synapse morphogenesis. Using platinum replica electron microscopy, we characterized the cytoskeletal organization and molecular composition of dendritic spines, their precursors, dendritic filopodia, and presynaptic boutons. A branched actin filament network containing Arp2/3 complex and capping protein was a dominant feature of spine heads and presynaptic boutons. Surprisingly, the spine necks and bases, as well as dendritic filopodia, also contained a network, rather than a bundle, of branched and linear actin filaments that was immunopositive for Arp2/3 complex, capping protein, and myosin II, but not fascin. Thus, a tight actin filament bundle is not necessary for structural support of elongated filopodia-like protrusions. Dynamically, dendritic filopodia emerged from densities in the dendritic shaft, which by electron microscopy contained branched actin network associated with dendritic microtubules. We propose that dendritic spine morphogenesis begins from an actin patch elongating into a dendritic filopodium, which tip subsequently expands via Arp2/3 complex-dependent nucleation and which length is modulated by myosin II-dependent contractility.
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Surfactant-based extraction methods have provided access to cytoskeletal organization, including neuronal processes.
“Related surfactant-based extraction methods have provided informative access to cytoskeletal organization, including neuronal processes30–32.”
From Ghost Neuron preparation unlocks high-resolution structural mapping of intracellular architecture in axons (2026) · cites this paper as [30]
In mature neurons, capping proteins localize throughout dendritic spines, similar to Shank3.
“In mature neurons, they localize throughout dendritic spines,41 similar to Shank3.”
From SHANK3 mutations identified in autism lead to modification of dendritic spine morphology via an actin-dependent mechanism (2012) · cites this paper as [41]
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- Authors
- Korobova, F., & Svitkina, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Svitkina, Tatyana
- Venue
- Molecular Biology of the Cell
- Published
- 2010-01
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 165-176
- ISSN
- 1059-1524 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-4586
- PMC
- PMC2801710
- OpenAlex
- W2031516445
- Cited by
- 399
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 10.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM070898, GM 70898)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR-22482, S10RR022482)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Keywords
- dendritic spine morphogenesis, hippocampal neurons, Arp2/3 complex, capping protein, myosin II, dendritic filopodia, presynaptic terminals, actin filament nucleation, microtubules, excitatory synapses
- MeSH terms
- Actins, Cytoskeletal Proteins, Cytoskeleton, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Hippocampus, Models, Biological, Pseudopodia, Synapses, Biomarkers, Cell Shape, Dendritic Spines
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