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Cited by 72Nutritional Studies and DietDiet and metabolism studiesNutrition, Health, and Society Studies

Alternatives for macronutrient intake and chronic disease: a comparison of the OmniHeart diets with popular diets and with dietary recommendations

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de Souza, Russell J, Swain, Janis F, Appel, Lawrence J, Sacks, Frank M·2008·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
DOI 10.1093/ajcn/88.1.1PMC PMC2674146
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Abstract

Background Enhancements to current dietary advice to prevent chronic disease are of great clinical and public health importance. The OmniHeart Trial compared 3 diets designed to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk-one high in carbohydrate and 2 that replaced carbohydrate with either unsaturated fat or protein. The lower carbohydrate diets improved the CVD risk factors. Several popular diets claiming health benefits emphasize carbohydrate, fat, or protein or various combined approaches.Objective The objective of this study was to compare the macronutrient contents of the OmniHeart trial diets to those of several popular diets and to evaluate each diet for consistency with national health guidelines.Design The macronutrient contents of 7-d menu plans from the OmniHeart Study, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Zone, Atkins, Mediterranean, South Beach, and Ornish diets were evaluated for consistency with the US Food and Nutrition Board's Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs) and with the dietary recommendations of several health organizations.Results The OmniHeart diets fulfilled the major AMDRs, but, of the popular diets, only the Zone diet did. The OmniHeart diets were generally consistent with national guidelines to prevent cancer, diabetes, and heart disease, whereas most popular diets had limitations for fulfilling one or more guidelines.Conclusions Although the OmniHeart protein and unsaturated fat diets were superior to the carbohydrate diet in improving CVD risk, all 3 study diets were consistent with national guidelines to reduce chronic disease risk, which suggests that the guidelines might now be fine-tuned to optimize disease prevention. Popular diets vary in their nutritional adequacy and consistency with guidelines for risk reduction.

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  • Diets that successfully cause weight loss can emphasize a range of fat, protein, and carbohydrate compositions that also improve cardiovascular and diabetes risk factors.

    “In conclusion, diets that are successful in causing weight loss can emphasize a range of fat, protein, and carbohydrate compositions that have beneficial effects on risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes.29,40”

    From Comparison of Weight-Loss Diets with Different Compositions of Fat, Protein, and Carbohydrates (2009) · cites this paper as [40]

    The Introduction (page unavailable) describes diets with varied macronutrient compositions that have shown reduced cardiovascular risk factors or short-term weight loss. The Discussion, under “Implications for practice” (page unavailable), reports cardiovascular benefits from OmniHeart diets in participants who did not lose weight. The paper therefore supports the potential benefits of different compositions, but does not establish that a range of weight-loss diets also improves both cardiovascular and diabetes risk factors. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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  1. [26]Institute of Medicine Panel on Macronutrients and Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes. Cholesterol. Dietary reference intakes for energy, carboyhdrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein, and amino acids 2002/2005 589 768 National Academies Press Washington, DC
  2. [45]Institute of Medicine Panel on Macronutrients and Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes. Protein and amino acids. Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein, and amino acids 2002/2005 National Academies Press Washington, DC

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Authors
de Souza, R. J., Swain, J. F., Appel, L. J., & Sacks, F. M.
Affiliations
Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
Corresponding author
Sacks, Frank M
ORCID
Venue
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2008-07
Volume
88
Issue
1
Pages
1-11
ISSN
0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1093/ajcn/88.1.1
PMC
PMC2674146
OpenAlex
W2170166612
Cited by
72
References
75
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 6
FWCI
6.29
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL67098, K23HL068712, HL-68712, R01HL067098)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK63214, K24DK063214, P30DK040561)
  • National Center for Research Resources (RR02635, M01RR002635)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Diet and metabolism studies
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Nutrition, Health, and Society Studies
Keywords
macronutrient intake, popular diets, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet, Zone diet, Atkins diet, Mediterranean diet, Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range, cardiovascular disease prevention, carbohydrate restriction, unsaturated fat, protein intake, dietary guidelines, chronic disease prevention, nutritional adequacy
MeSH terms
Cardiovascular Diseases, Chronic Disease, Diet, Diet Fads, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fats, Dietary Fats, Unsaturated, Dietary Fiber, Dietary Proteins, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Food Analysis, Humans, Menu Planning, Nutrition Policy

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