The Mre11 complex is required for ATM activation and the G2/M checkpoint
Open accessAbstract
The maintenance of genome integrity requires a rapid and specific response to many types of DNA damage. The conserved and related PI3-like protein kinases, ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and ATM-Rad3-related (ATR), orchestrate signal transduction pathways in response to genomic insults, such as DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). It is unclear which proteins recognize DSBs and activate these pathways, but the Mre11/Rad50/NBS1 complex has been suggested to act as a damage sensor. Here we show that infection with an adenovirus lacking the E4 region also induces a cellular DNA damage response, with activation of ATM and ATR. Wild-type virus blocks this signaling through degradation of the Mre11 complex by the viral E1b55K/E4orf6 proteins. Using these viral proteins, we show that the Mre11 complex is required for both ATM activation and the ATM-dependent G(2)/M checkpoint in response to DSBs. These results demonstrate that the Mre11 complex can function as a damage sensor upstream of ATM/ATR signaling in mammalian cells.
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- Authors
- Carson, C. T., Schwartz, R. A., Stracker, T. H., Lilley, C. E., Lee, D. V., & Weitzman, M. D.
- Affiliations
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies (US)
- Corresponding author
- Weitzman, Matthew D.
- Venue
- The EMBO Journal
- Published
- 2003-12-15
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 24
- Pages
- 6610-6620
- ISSN
- 0261-4189 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2075
- PMC
- PMC291825
- OpenAlex
- W2031414445
- Cited by
- 502
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 17.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The EMBO Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Joe W. and Dorothy Dorsett Brown Foundation
- Wellcome Trust
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ai043341-04, 5r01ca097093-13)
- University of California, San Diego
- National Cancer Institute (CA97093, R01-CA097093)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI43341)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA Repair Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Effects of Radiation Exposure
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer-related Molecular Pathways
- Keywords
- Mre11 complex, ATM activation, ATR, G2/M checkpoint, DNA double-strand breaks, DNA damage response, E4orf6, genome stability
- MeSH terms
- MRE11 Homologue Protein, Adenoviruses, Human, Ataxia Telangiectasia, Cell Cycle, Cell Line, Defective Viruses, DNA Damage, DNA-Binding Proteins, HeLa Cells, Humans, Mitosis, Recombinant Proteins, Virus Replication, Signal Transduction, Polymerase Chain Reaction, G2 Phase, Mutagenesis, Site-Directed, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Cell Cycle Proteins, Tumor Suppressor Proteins, Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins
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