Common mechanisms of PIKK regulation
Open accessAbstract
Kinases in the phosphoinositide three-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) family include ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated), ATR (ATM- and Rad3-related), DNA-PKcs (DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit), mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), and SMG1 (suppressor with morphological effect on genitalia family member). These atypical protein kinases regulate DNA damage responses, nutrient-dependent signaling, and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. This review focuses on the mechanisms regulating the PIKK family with a strong emphasis on the DNA damage regulated kinases. We outline common regulatory themes and suggest how discoveries about the regulation of one PIKK can be informative for the other family members.
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In human cells, ATM is activated by double-strand breaks such as those caused by ionizing radiation, while ATR is activated by RPA-coated ssDNA and mainly triggers checkpoint activation after UV irradiation or replication stress.
“In fact, ATM (Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated) is activated by double-strand breaks (DSBs) caused, for example, by ionizing radiation (IR), while ATR (ATM and Rad3-Related) is activated by ssDNA coated with the RPA heterotrimeric complex and mainly triggers checkpoint activation after UV irradiation or replication-stress.”
From Mind the gap: keeping UV lesions in check (2011) · cites this paper as [40]
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- Authors
- Lovejoy, C. A., & Cortez, D.
- Affiliations
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cortez, David
- Venue
- DNA Repair
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-09-02
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1004-1008
- ISSN
- 1568-7856 (ISSN-L)
- 1568-7864
- PMC
- PMC2725225
- OpenAlex
- W2023620387
- Cited by
- 277
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 8.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- DNA repair (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA102729)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA Repair Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
- Keywords
- ATM, ATR, DNA-PKcs, mTOR, SMG1, kinase regulation, DNA damage response, nutrient signaling, nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, protein kinase signaling
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Protein Kinases, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Enzyme Activators, Protein Transport
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