ATM protein kinase: the linchpin of cellular defenses to stress
Open accessAbstract
ATM is the most significant molecule involved in monitoring the genomic integrity of the cell. Any damage done to DNA relentlessly challenges the cellular machinery involved in recognition, processing and repair of these insults. ATM kinase is activated early to detect and signal lesions in DNA, arrest the cell cycle, establish DNA repair signaling and faithfully restore the damaged chromatin. ATM activation plays an important role as a barrier to tumorigenesis, metabolic syndrome and neurodegeneration. Therefore, studies of ATM-dependent DNA damage signaling pathways hold promise for treatment of a variety of debilitating diseases through the development of new therapeutics capable of modulating cellular responses to stress. In this review, we have tried to untangle the complex web of ATM signaling pathways with the purpose of pinpointing multiple roles of ATM underlying the complex phenotypes observed in AT patients.
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ATM can be directly activated by hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidation without DNA damage, as shown by ATM autophosphorylation at serine 1981, p53 phosphorylation at serine 15, and Chk2 phosphorylation at threonine 68, but not H2AX phosphorylation at serine 139.
“Notably, ATM was directly activated by hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidation in the absence of DNA damage, evidenced by ATM auto-phosphorylation at Serine 1981, p53 phosphorylation at Serine 15, and Chk2 phosphorylation at Threonine 68, but not by H2AX phosphorylation at Serine139 [74–76].”
From Functional interplay between ATM/ATR-mediated DNA damage response and DNA repair pathways in oxidative stress (2014) · cites this paper as [76]
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Cytoplasmic ATM in Neurons Modulates Synaptic Function
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The Product of the ATM Gene Is a 370-kDa Nuclear Phosphoprotein
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Single- and double-stranded DNA: building a trigger of ATR-mediated DNA damage response: Figure 1.Preprint
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Distinct roles of ATR and DNA‐PKcs in triggering DNA damage responses in ATM‐deficient cells
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Proteomic analysis of synaptosomes using isotope‐coded affinity tags and mass spectrometry
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Purification and Characterization of ATM from Human Placenta
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Self-citationRad50 Adenylate Kinase Activity Regulates DNA Tethering by Mre11/Rad50 Complexes
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PATHOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS IN ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA A REPORT ON FIVE CASES
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Self-citationThe Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome Protein Is Essential for Mre11 Phosphorylation upon DNA Damage
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Multiple autophosphorylation sites are dispensable for murine ATM activation in vivo
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Mre11 Assembles Linear DNA Fragments into DNA Damage Signaling Complexes
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Image-Based Modeling Reveals Dynamic Redistribution of DNA Damage into Nuclear Sub-Domains
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The Rad50 Signature Motif: Essential to ATP Binding and Biological Function
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Mechanisms of DNA damage, repair, and mutagenesis
Chatterjee, N., & Walker, G. C. (2017) · Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis · doi:10.1002/em.22087 · Cited by 2,039 · see citing works
“Next, MDC1 is phosphorylated by ATM, and the phosphorylated MDC1 functions as a scaffold to bring in the ubiquitin E3 ligases RNF8 and RNF168 [Altmeyer and Lukas, 2013b].”
InfluentialThe ATM protein kinase: regulating the cellular response to genotoxic stress, and more
Shiloh, Y., & Ziv, Y. (2013) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm3546 · Cited by 1,649 · see citing works
Yan, S., Sorrell, M., & Berman, Z. (2014) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-014-1666-4 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Petersen, A. J., Rimkus, S. A., & Wassarman, D. A. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1110470109 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Systemic DNA damage responses in aging and diseases
Ribezzo, F., Shiloh, Y., & Schumacher, B. (2016) · Seminars in Cancer Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.12.005 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Oxidative Stress, Bone Marrow Failure, and Genome Instability in Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Richardson, C., Yan, S., & Vestal, C. (2015) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms16022366 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Stagni, V., Cirotti, C., & Barilà, D. (2018) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2018.00073 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bhatti, S., Kozlov, S., Farooqi, A. A., Naqi, A., Lavin, M., & Khanna, K. K.
- Affiliations
- University of Lahore (PK)
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Kozlov, Sergei
- Venue
- Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
- Published
- 2011-05-02
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 2977-3006
- ISSN
- 1420-682X (ISSN-L)
- 1420-9071
- PMC
- PMC11115042
- OpenAlex
- W1971822253
- Cited by
- 116
- References
- 275
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 1.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA Repair Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer-related Molecular Pathways
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
- Keywords
- ATM kinase, DNA damage response, genome stability, DNA repair signaling, cell cycle arrest, carcinogenesis, metabolic syndrome, neurodegeneration, ataxia telangiectasia, stress response, therapeutic target
- MeSH terms
- MRE11 Homologue Protein, Ataxia Telangiectasia, DNA Damage, DNA-Binding Proteins, Enzyme Activation, Humans, Models, Molecular, Nuclear Proteins, Signal Transduction, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Acid Anhydride Hydrolases, Oxidative Stress, Cell Cycle Proteins, Tumor Suppressor Proteins, Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly, DNA Repair Enzymes, Multiprotein Complexes, Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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