Anger and depression management: psychoeducational skill training interventions for women caregivers of a relative with dementia
Abstract
PURPOSE: This study examines the short-term impact of two theoretically based psychoeducational small group interventions with distressed caregivers, and it also examines the role of specific moderator and mediator variables on caregiver outcomes. DESIGN AND METHODS: Female participants (N = 169) aged 50 and older who were caring for a community-dwelling relative with a dementing illness were randomly assigned to one of three treatment interventions: anger management, depression management, or a wait-list control group. These interventions took place over a 3- to 4-month period. The primary outcomes examined were anger or hostile mood, depressed mood, frequency of use of positive and negative coping strategies, and perceived caregiving self-efficacy. RESULTS: Significant main effects in the expected direction were found for changes in most of these measures. Participants in both anger management and depression management groups had significant reductions in their levels of anger or hostility and depression from Time 1 to Time 2 in comparison to participants in the wait-list control group. Use of positive cognitive coping strategies increased in the anger management group only. Self-efficacy significantly increased for participants in both intervention groups, and it was also demonstrated to function as a mediator of intervention effects. Pretreatment levels of depressive symptoms and anger expression style (Anger Expression-Out) moderated the relative effects of the two interventions on mood and coping. IMPLICATIONS: These data are consistent with a growing body of evidence supporting the effectiveness of skills training, in small groups, to improve both the affective states and the type of coping strategies used by caregivers. In addition, this study underscores the need to evaluate key pretreatment variables in order to determine which form of treatment may be more compatible with caregiver characteristics and thus more likely to be beneficial to individuals.
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The Coping with Caregiving programme was developed in the USA as a group intervention; it is a manual-based psychological intervention delivered in weekly group sessions.
“The Coping with Caregiving programme16,17 was developed in the USA as a group intervention. It is a manual-based, psychological intervention delivered in weekly group sessions.”
In the Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer's Caregiver Health project, depression scores were significantly decreased in treatment groups compared with controls in all of the studies and self-efficacy scores were increased.
“depression scores were significantly decreased in treatment groups compared with controls in all of the studies16–19 and self-efficacy scores were increased.18”
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- Authors
- Coon, D. W., Thompson, L., Steffen, A., Sorocco, K., & Gallagher-Thompson, D.
- Affiliations
- Institute on Aging (US)
- University of Missouri–St. Louis (US)
- University of Oklahoma (US)
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Coon, D. W.
- Venue
- The Gerontologist
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2003-10-01
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 678-689
- ISSN
- 0016-9013 (ISSN-L)
- 1758-5341
- OpenAlex
- W2130809567
- Cited by
- 283
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 24.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Gerontologist (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01mh043407-03)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-43407)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Nursing care and research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family Caregiving in Mental Illness
- Keywords
- dementia caregiving, family caregivers, anger management, depression treatment, psychoeducational intervention, small group intervention, caregiver distress, coping strategies, cognitive coping, caregiver self-efficacy, anger expression styles, mediators and moderators, women caregivers
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Aged, Anger, Dementia, Depression, Female, Hostility, Humans, Middle Aged, Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care, Patient Compliance, Psychotherapy, Group, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Caregivers, Expressed Emotion, Self Efficacy
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