Tango for three: Sagittarius, LMC, and the Milky Way
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We assemble a catalogue of candidate Sagittarius stream members with 5D and 6D phase-space information, using astrometric data from Gaia DR2, distances estimated from RR Lyrae stars, and line-of-sight velocities from various spectroscopic surveys. We find a clear misalignment between the stream track and the direction of the reflex-corrected proper motions in the leading arm of the stream, which we interpret as a signature of a time-dependent perturbation of the gravitational potential. A likely cause of this perturbation is the recent passage of the most massive Milky Way satellite – the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). We develop novel methods for simulating the Sagittarius stream in the presence of the LMC, using specially tailored N-body simulations and a flexible parametrization of the Milky Way halo density profile. We find that while models without the LMC can fit most stream features rather well, they fail to reproduce the misalignment and overestimate the distance to the leading arm apocentre. On the other hand, models with an LMC mass in the range $(1.3\pm 0.3)\times 10^{11}\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ rectify these deficiencies. We demonstrate that the stream can not be modelled adequately in a static Milky Way. Instead, our Galaxy is required to lurch toward the massive in-falling Cloud, giving the Sgr stream its peculiar shape and kinematics. By exploring the parameter space of Milky Way potentials, we determine the enclosed mass within 100 kpc to be $(5.6\pm 0.4)\times 10^{11}\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$, and the virial mass to be $(9.0\pm 1.3)\times 10^{11}\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$, and find tentative evidence for a radially-varying shape and orientation of the Galactic halo.
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The Sagittarius stream gives M(<100 kpc) = 5.6 ± 0.4 × 10^11 M⊙ and M_vir = 9.0 ± 1.3 × 10^11 M⊙ in the adopted halo family.
“The Sagittarius stream gives M ( < 100 kpc) = 5 . 6 ± 0 . 4 × 10 11 M ⊙ and M vir = 9 . 0 ± 1 . 3 × 10 11 M ⊙ in the adopted halo family (Vasiliev et al., 2021).”
From The rotation curve of the Milky Way: State of the art, the Keplerian decline debate, and implications for dark matter (2026) · cites this paper as Vasiliev et al., 2021
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The Geometry of the Sagittarius Stream from Pan-STARRS1 3π RR Lyrae
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Self-citationAn all-sky proper-motion map of the Sagittarius stream usingGaiaDR2
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Equilibrium models of the Milky Way mass are biased high by the LMC
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Self-citationThe dynamics of tidal tails from massive satellites
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Stray, swing and scatter: angular momentum evolution of orbits and streams in aspherical potentials
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Self-citationModelling the Tucana III stream - a close passage with the LMC
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Self-citationModeling Tidal Streams in Evolving Dark Matter Halos
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The Sagittarius stream and halo triaxiality
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Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the variability processing & analysis resultsPreprint
Holl, B., Audard, M., Nienartowicz, K., de Fombelle, G. J., Marchal, O., Mowlavï, N., Clementini, G., Ridder, J. D., Evans, D. W., Guy, L. P., et al. (2018) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201832892 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
A Panoramic Landscape of the Sagittarius Stream in Gaia DR2 Revealed with the STREAMFINDER Spyglass
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Carlin, J. L., Majewski, S. R., Casetti‐Dinescu, D. I., Law, D. R., Girard, T. M., & Patterson, R. J. (2011) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/744/1/25 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Full 5D characterisation of the Sagittarius stream with Gaia DR2 RR Lyrae
Ramos, P., Mateu, C., Antoja, T., Helmi, A., Castro-Ginard, A., Balbinot, E., & Carrasco, J. M. (2020) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202037819 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
2011. The mechanics of tidal streamsPreprint
Eyre, A., & Binney, J. (2016) · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Quantifying the Stellar Halo's Response to the LMC's Infall with Spherical Harmonics
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Self-citationThe Orbit and Mass of the Sagittarius Dwarf GalaxyPreprint
Jiang, I.-G., & Binney, J. (1999) · Cited by 55 · see citing works
NO EVIDENCE FOR INTERNAL ROTATION IN THE REMNANT CORE OF THE SAGITTARIUS DWARF
Peñarrubia, J., Zucker, D. B., Irwin, M. J., Hyde, E. A., Lane, R. R., Lewis, G. F., Gilmore, G. F., Evans, N. W., & Belokurov, V. A. (2010) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.1088/2041-8205/727/1/l2 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationInternal dynamics of the Large Magellanic Cloud from Gaia DR2
Vasiliev, E. (2018) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters · doi:10.1093/mnrasl/sly168 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationA closer look at the spur, blob, wiggle, and gaps in GD-1
de Boer, T. J. L., Erkal, D., & Gieles, M. (2020) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staa917 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationStellar streams as gravitational experiments
Thomas, G. F., Famaey, B., Ibata, R., Lüghausen, F., & Kroupa, P. (2017) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201730531 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
The Sagittarius dwarf galaxy: where did all the gas go?
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Frinchaboy, P. M., Majewski, S. R., Muñoz, R. R., Law, D. R., Łokas, E. L., Kunkel, W. E., Patterson, R. J., & Johnston, K. V. (2012) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/756/1/74 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
A halo expansion technique for approximating simulated dark matter haloes
Lowing, B., Jenkins, A. R., Eke, V. R., & Frenk, C. S. (2011) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19222.x · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Lane, R. R., Küpper, A. H. W., & Heggie, D. C. (2012) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21093.x · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Fardal, M. A., van der Marel, R. P., Law, D. R., Sohn, S. T., Sesar, B., Hernitschek, N., & Rix, H.-W. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/sty3428 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Frinchaboy, P. M., Majewski, S. R., Muñoz, R. R., Law, D. R., Lokas, E. L., Kunkel, W. E., Patterson, R. J., & Johnston, K. V. (2016) · Cited by 38 · see citing works
SIMULATING TIDAL STREAMS IN A HIGH-RESOLUTION DARK MATTER HALO
Ngan, W., Bozek, B., Carlberg, R. G., Wyse, R. F. Ġ., Szalay, A. S., & Madau, P. (2015) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/803/2/75 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
SAGITTARIUS STREAM THREE-DIMENSIONAL KINEMATICS FROM SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY STRIPE 82
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Self-citationThe inner structure and kinematics of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy as a product of tidal stirring
Łokas, E. L., Kazantzidis, S., Majewski, S. R., Law, D. R., Mayer, L., & Frinchaboy, P. M. (2010) · Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) · doi:10.5167/uzh-41694 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Applying Schwarzschild's orbit superposition method to barred or non-barred disc galaxies
Vasiliev, E., & Athanassoula, E. (2015) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stv805 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationDetecting the Sagittarius Stream with LAMOST DR4 M Giants and Gaia DR2
Li, J., FELLOW), (., Liu, C., Xue, X.-X., Zhong, J., Weiss, J., Carlin, J. L., Tian, H., & FELLOW), (. (2019) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab09ef · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Sohn, S. T., van der Marel, R. P., Carlin, J. L., Majewski, S. R., Kallivayalil, N., Law, D. R., Anderson, J., & Siegel, M. H. (2015) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/803/2/56 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
The twisted dark matter halo of the Milky Way
Shao, S., Cautun, M., Deason, A. J., & Frenk, C. S. (2020) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staa3883 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Emami, R., Genel, S., Hernquist, L., Alcock, C. R., Bose, S., Weinberger, R., Vogelsberger, M., Marinacci, F., Loeb, A., Torrey, P., et al. (2021) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abf147 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Triaxial cosmological haloes and the disc of satellites
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Self-citationDynamical self-friction: how mass loss slows you down
Miller, T. B., van den Bosch, F. C., Green, S. B., & Ogiya, G. (2020) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staa1450 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Constraining the Solar Galactic Reflex Velocity using Gaia Observations of the Sagittarius Stream
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Models of distorted and evolving dark matter haloes
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Self-citationAround the Way: Testing ΛCDM with Milky Way Stellar Stream Constraints
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Deflection of the hypervelocity stars by the pull of the Large Magellanic Cloud on the Milky Way
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Self-citationDetecting the Figure Rotation of Dark Matter Halos with Tidal Streams
Valluri, M., Price-Whelan, A. M., & Snyder, S. J. (2021) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abe534 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Globular Clusters in the Sagittarius stream. Revising members and candidates with Gaia DR2
Bellazzini, M., Ibata, R., Malhan, K., Martin, N. F., Famaey, B., & Thomas, G. F. (2020) · HAL · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2003.07871 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
The recurrent impact of the Sagittarius dwarf on the Milky Way star formation historyPreprint
Ruiz-Lara, T., Gallart, C., Bernard, E. J., & Cassisi, S. (2020) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2003.12577 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Discy dwarf disruption and the shape of the Galactic halo
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Self-citationBroken into Pieces::ATLAS and Aliqa Uma as One Single Stream
Li, T. S., Koposov, S. E., Erkal, D., Ji, A. P., Shipp, N., Pace, A. B., Hilmi, T., Kuehn, K. W., Lewis, G. F., Mackey, D., et al. (2021) · Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationGaia Data Release 2 Specific characterisation and validation of all-sky Cepheids and RR Lyrae stars
Clementini, G., Ripepi, V., Molinaro, R., Garofalo, A., Muraveva, T., Rimoldini, L., Guy, L. P., Jevardat de Fombelle, G., Nienartowicz, K., Marchal, O., et al. (2019) · Repository of the Academy's Library (Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences) · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833374 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Globular clusters in the Sagittarius stream
Bellazzini, M., Ibata, R., Malhan, K., Martin, N. F., Famaey, B., & Thomas, G. F. (2020) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202037621
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 136 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 9
- Bland-Hawthorn J., Tepper-García T., 2020, arXiv:2009.02434 · arXiv
- Deason A., Erkal D., Belokurov V., et al., 2020, arXiv:2010.13801 · arXiv
- Emami R., Genel S., Hernquist L., et al., 2020, arXiv:2009.09220 · arXiv
- Erkal D., Deason A., Belokurov V., et al., 2020b, arXiv:2010.13789 · arXiv
- Garavito-Camargo N., Besla G., Laporte C., Price-Whelan A., Cunningham E., Johnston K., Weinberg M., Gómez F., 2020, arXiv:2010.00816 · arXiv
- Iorio G., Belokurov V., 2020, arXiv:2008.02280 · arXiv
- Li T. S., Koposov S., Erkal D., et al., 2020, arXiv:2006.10763 · arXiv
- Shao S., Cautun M., Deason A., Frenk C., 2020, arXiv:2005.03025 · arXiv
- Valluri M., Price-Whelan A., Snyder S., 2020, arXiv:2009.09004 · arXiv
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Gaia EDR3 view on galactic globular clusters
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Self-citationJin, S., Trager, S. C., Dalton, G., Aguerri, J. A. L., Drew, J. E., Falcón‐Barroso, J., Gänsicke, B. T., Hill, V., Iovino, A., Pieri, M. M., et al. (2023) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stad557 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Self-citationDark matter local density determination: recent observations and future prospects
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Reconstructing the Last Major Merger of the Milky Way with the H3 Survey
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Overview of the DESI Milky Way Survey
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Banik, I., & Zhao, H. (2022) · Symmetry · doi:10.3390/sym14071331 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
The dark matter profile of the Milky Way inferred from its circular velocity curve
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Proper Motions, Orbits, and Tidal Influences of Milky Way Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies
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Measuring the Mass of the Large Magellanic Cloud with Stellar Streams Observed by S 5
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galstreams: A library of Milky Way stellar stream footprints and tracks
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Detection of the LMC-induced sloshing of the Galactic halo
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Self-citationDear Magellanic Clouds, welcome back!
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Galactic Archaeology with Gaia
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Merger-induced galaxy transformations in the artemis simulations
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Weighing the Galactic disk using phase-space spirals
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Self-citationStreams on FIRE: Populations of Detectable Stellar Streams in the Milky Way and FIRE
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Self-citationFormation of Galactic Disks. I. Why Did the Milky Way’s Disk Form Unusually Early?
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Testing kinematic distances under a realistic Galactic potential
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Hattori, K., Valluri, M., & Vasiliev, E. (2021) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2898 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
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Wang, J., Hammer, F., & Yang, Y. (2021) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stab3258 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
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Dark matter interpretation of the Fermi -LAT observations toward the outer halo of M31
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D’Souza, R., & Bell, E. F. (2022) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stac404 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
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Monty, S., Belokurov, V. A., Sanders, J. L., Hansen, T. T., Sakari, C. M., McKenzie, M., Myeong, G., Davies, E. Y., Arentsen, A., & Massari, D. (2024) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stae1895 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
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Vertical motion in the Galactic disc: unwinding the snail
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Watkins, L. L., van der Marel, R. P., & Bennet, P. (2024) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad1f58 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Did Sgr cause the vertical waves in the solar neighbourhood?
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Nibauer, J., Bonaca, A., & Johnston, K. V. (2023) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ace9bc · Cited by 30 · see citing works
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The impact of a massive Sagittarius dSph on GD-1-like streams
Dillamore, A. M., Belokurov, V. A., Evans, N. W., & Price-Whelan, A. M. (2022) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stac2311 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
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Peñarrubia, J., & Petersen, M. S. (2021) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters · doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slab090 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Santistevan, I. B., Wetzel, A. R., Tollerud, E. J., Sanderson, R. E., & Samuel, J. (2022) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stac3100 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
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The stellar halo in Local Group Hestia simulations
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Self-citationFerrone, S. M., Matteo, P. D., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Haywood, M., Snaith, O. N., Montuori, M., Александрович, Х. С., & Valls-Gabaud, D. (2023) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244141 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Chemical Cartography of the Sagittarius Stream with Gaia
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Byström, A., Koposov, S. E., Lilleengen, S., Li, T. S., Bell, E. F., Silva, L. J. B. E., Carrillo, A., Chandra, V., Gnedin, O. Y., Han, J., et al. (2025) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staf1219 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Palau, C. G., & Miralda‐Escudé, J. (2023) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stad1930 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Milky Way archaeology using RR Lyrae and type II Cepheids
Prudil, Z., Hanke, M., Lemasle, B., Crestani, J., Braga, V., Fabrizio, M., Koch-Hansen, A., Bono, G., Grebel, E., Matsunaga, N., et al. (2021) · Astronomy & Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142251 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
On the Effect of the Large Magellanic Cloud on the Orbital Poles of Milky Way Satellite Galaxies
Pawlowski, M. S., Oria, P.-A., Taibi, S., Famaey, B., & Ibata, R. (2022) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac6ce0 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Extended Stellar Populations in Ultrafaint Dwarf Galaxies
Tau, E. A., Vivas, A. K., & Martínez-Vázquez, C. E. (2024) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ad1509 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Enrichment by extragalactic first stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud
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Gamma-ray emission from the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy due to millisecond pulsars
Crocker, R. M., Macías, O., Mackey, D., Krumholz, M. R., Ando, S., Horiuchi, S., Baring, M. G., Gordon, C., Venville, T., Duffy, A. R., et al. (2022) · Nature Astronomy · doi:10.1038/s41550-022-01777-x · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Discovery of new globular clusters in the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy
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Tidally stripped halo stars from the Large Magellanic Cloud in the Galactic North
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Typhon: A Polar Stream from the Outer Halo Raining through the Solar Neighborhood
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Barry, M., Wetzel, A. R., Chapman, S., Samuel, J., Sanderson, R. E., & Arora, A. (2023) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stad1395 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Gaia EDR3 Proper Motions of Milky Way Dwarfs. II Velocities, Total Energy, and Angular Momentum
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A portrait of the vast polar structure as a young phenomenon: Hints from its member satellites
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DELVE-ing into the Jet: A Thin Stellar Stream on a Retrograde Orbit at 30 kpc
Ferguson, P. S., Shipp, N., Drlica-Wagner, A., Li, T. S., Cerny, W., Tavangar, K., Pace, A. B., Marshall, J. L., Riley, A. H., Adamów, M., et al. (2021) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac3492 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationAll-sky Kinematics of the Distant Halo: The Reflex Response to the LMC
Chandra, V., Naidu, R. P., Conroy, C., Garavito-Camargo, N., Laporte, C. F. P., Bonaca, A., Cargile, P. A., Cunningham, E. C., Han, J., Johnson, B. D., et al. (2025) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/addab6 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Uncovering the first-infall history of the LMC through its dynamical impact in the Milky Way halo
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GD-1 Stellar Stream and Cocoon in the DESI Early Data Release
Valluri, M., Fagrelius, P., Koposov, S. E., Li, T. S., Gnedin, O. Y., Bell, E. F., Carlberg, R. G., Cooper, A. P., Aguilar, J., Ahlen, S. P., et al. (2025) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ada690 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationImpact of the Galactic bar on tidal streams within the Galactic disc
Thomas, G. F., Famaey, B., Monari, G., Laporte, C. F. P., Ibata, R., de Laverny, P., Hill, V., & Boily, C. M. (2023) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202346650 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Catalogue of model star clusters in the Milky Way and M31 galaxies
Chen, Y., & Gnedin, O. Y. (2023) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stad3345 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Garro, E. R., Minniti, D., Gómez, M., & Alonso-García, J. (2021) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202141067 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Galactic Accelerations from the GD-1 Stream Suggest a Tilted Dark Matter Halo
Nibauer, J., & Bonaca, A. (2025) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/add0a9 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
The Milky Way, coming into focus: Precision astrometry probes its evolution and its dark matter
Gardner, S. V., McDermott, S. D., & Yanny, B. (2021) · Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics · doi:10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103904 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Substructures, resonances, and debris streams
Dodd, E., Helmi, A., & Koppelman, H. H. (2021) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202141354
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Minelli, A., Bellazzini, M., Mucciarelli, A., Bonifacio, P., Ibata, R., Romano, D., Monaco, L., Caffau, E., Dalessandro, E., & Pascale, R. (2022) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244890 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
The Escape Velocity Profile of the Milky Way from Gaia DR3
Roche, C., Necib, L., Lin, T., Ou, X., & Nguyên, T. (2024) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad58d7 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Detecting the Figure Rotation of Dark Matter Halos with Tidal Streams
Valluri, M., Price-Whelan, A. M., & Snyder, S. J. (2021) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abe534 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Revisiting a disky origin for the faint branch of the Sagittarius stellar streamPreprint
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Annem, B., & Александрович, Х. С. (2023) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stad3244 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Modern Estimates of the Mass of the Milky Way
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- Authors
- Vasiliev, E., Belokurov, V., & Erkal, D.
- Affiliations
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RU)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- University of Surrey (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Vasiliev, Eugene
- Venue
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2020-11-25
- Volume
- 501
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 2279-2304
- ISSN
- 0035-8711 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2966
- OpenAlex
- W3087827168
- Cited by
- 285
- References
- 136
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 60 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 15.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- Science and Technology Facilities Council
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
- Keywords
- Sagittarius stream, Large Magellanic Cloud, Galactic halo, gravitational perturbations, N-body simulations, Milky Way potential, halo mass, halo shape, stream kinematics, Gaia DR2 astrometry
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