Shift work: coping with the biological clock.
Abstract
The internal circadian clock adapts slowly, if at all, to rapid transitions between different shift schedules. This leads to misalignment (desynchrony) of rhythmic physiological systems, such as sleep, alertness, performance, metabolism and the hormones melatonin and cortisol, with the imposed work-rest schedule. Consequences include sleep deprivation and poor performance. Clock gene variants may influence tolerance of sleep deprivation. Shift work is associated with an increased risk of major disease (heart disease and cancer) and this may also, at least in part, be attributed to frequent circadian desynchrony. Abnormal metabolism has been invoked as a contributory factor to the increased risk of heart disease. There is recent evidence for an increased risk of certain cancers, with hypothesized causal roles of light at night, melatonin suppression and circadian desynchrony. Various strategies exist for coping with circadian desynchrony and for hastening circadian realignment (if desired). The most important factor in manipulating the circadian system is exposure to and/or avoidance of bright light at specific times of the 'biological night'.
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Night shift work is associated with short sleep (average 4.8 h).
“Night shift work was associated with short sleep (average 4.8 h [17], reviewed in [18]).”
From Metabolic effects of sleep disruption, links to obesity and diabetes (2014) · cites this paper as [18]
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- Authors
- Arendt, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Surrey (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Arendt, J.
- ORCID
- Arendt, J.
- Venue
- Occupational Medicine
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2010-01-01
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 10-20
- ISSN
- 0962-7480 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-8405
- OpenAlex
- W2141496046
- Cited by
- 308
- References
- 85
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 2.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Occupational Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Open Research (University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
- Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Surrey
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- shift work, circadian desynchrony, circadian clock, sleep deprivation, clock genes, melatonin, cortisol, light at night, heart disease risk, cancer risk, work-rest schedule
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Circadian Rhythm, Humans, Light, Melatonin, Work Schedule Tolerance, Workload
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