Is there an association between shift work and having a metabolic syndrome? Results from a population based study of 27 485 people
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES: To explore how metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) differ between shift workers and day workers in a defined population. Shift work has been associated with an increased risk of CVD. Risk factors and causal pathways for this association are only partly known. METHODS: A working population of 27 485 people from the Västerbotten intervention program (VIP) has been analysed. Cross sectional data, including blood sampling and questionnaires were collected in a health survey. RESULTS: Obesity was more prevalent among shift workers in all age strata of women, but only in two out of four age groups in men. Increased triglycerides (>1.7 mmol/l) were more common among two age groups of shift working women but not among men. Low concentrations of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (men<0.9 and women<1.0 mmol/l) were present in the youngest age group of shift workers in both men and women. Impaired glucose tolerance was more often found among 60 year old women shift workers. Obesity and high triglycerides persisted as risk factors in shift working men and women after adjusting for age and socioeconomic factors, with an OR of 1.4 for obesity and 1.1 for high triglyceride concentrations. The relative risks for women working shifts versus days with one, two, and three metabolic variables were 1.06, 1.20, and 1.71, respectively. The corresponding relative risks for men were 0.99, 1.30, and 1.63, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, obesity, high triglycerides, and low concentrations of HDL cholesterol seem to cluster together more often in shift workers than in day workers, which might indicate an association between shift work and the metabolic syndrome.
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Shift work is an independent risk factor for many chronic conditions, including heart disease.
“Shift work is an independent risk factor for many chronic conditions, including heart disease (133-136), perhaps due to recurring disruptions of the circadian clock itself (e.g., light exposure at unusual circadian phases), or perhaps due to misalignment between the circadian clock and the behaviors (e.g., sleeping and fasting during the day, and being active and eating across the night).”
From Role of the circadian system in cardiovascular disease (2018) · cites this paper as [134]
Night shift workers tend to have a higher prevalence of overweightness, abdominal obesity, elevated triglycerides, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and decreased kidney function compared to day workers.
“For example, it has been shown that night shift workers tend to have a higher prevalence of overweightness, abdominal obesity [20], elevated triglycerides, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance [21,22,23,24,25], and decreased kidney function [26] compared to day workers.”
From The Health Impact of Nighttime Eating: Old and New Perspectives (2015) · cites this paper as [24]
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Tucker, P., Marquié, J.-C., Folkard, S., Ansiau, D., & Esquirol, Y. (2012) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2012.675259 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Burgueño, A., Gemma, C., Gianotti, T. F., Sookoian, S., & Pirola, C. J. (2010) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.12.032 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Medical program for shift workers—impacts on chronic disease and mortality outcomes
Oberlinner, C., Ott, M. G., Nasterlack, M., Yong, M., Messerer, Zober, A., & Lang, S. (2009) · Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.1332 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Wehrens, S. M. T., Hampton, S. M., Finn, R. E., & Skene, D. J. (2010) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe-10-0077 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
McHill, A. W., Hull, J. T., McMullan, C. J., & Klerman, E. B. (2018) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00319 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Central Circadian Clock Regulates Energy Metabolism
Ding, G., Gong, Y., Eckel-Mahan, K. L., & Sun, Z. (2018) · Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-1286-1_5 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
A metabolomic study of adipose tissue in mice with a disruption of the circadian system
Castro, C., Briggs, W., Paschos, G. K., FitzGerald, G. A., & Griffin, J. L. (2015) · Molecular BioSystems · doi:10.1039/c5mb00032g · Cited by 33 · see citing works
The Adverse Health Effects of Shift Work in Relation to Risk of Illness/Disease: A Review
Shariat, A., Bahri Mohd Tamrin, S., Daneshjoo, A., & Sadeghi, H. (2015) · Acta Medica Bulgarica · doi:10.1515/amb-2015-0009 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
- Authors
- Karlsson, B., Knutsson, A., & Lindahl, B.
- Affiliations
- Umeå University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Karlsson, B
- Venue
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2001-11-01
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 747-752
- ISSN
- 0007-1072 (ISSN-L)
- 1351-0711
- 1470-7926
- PMC
- PMC1740071
- OpenAlex
- W2115505876
- Cited by
- 924
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 50 · 2016: 55 · 2015: 81 · 2014: 56 · 2013: 61 · 2012: 60
- FWCI
- 8.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Workplace Health and Well-being
- Keywords
- shift work, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular risk factors, obesity, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, impaired glucose tolerance, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cardiovascular Diseases, Circadian Rhythm, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Cholesterol, HDL, Male, Metabolic Diseases, Middle Aged, Obesity, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Syndrome, Triglycerides, Work Schedule Tolerance, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution
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