Postprandial hormone and metabolic responses amongst shift workers in Antarctica
Open accessAbstract
The circadian rhythms of many night-shift workers are maladapted to their imposed behavioural schedule, and this factor may be implicated in the increased occurrence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) reported in shift workers. One way in which CVD risk could be mediated is through inappropriate hormonal and metabolic responses to meals. This study investigated the responses to standard meals at different circadian times in a group of night-shift workers on a British Antarctic Survey station at Halley Bay (75 degrees S) in Antarctica. Twelve healthy subjects (ten men and two women) were recruited. Their postprandial hormone and metabolic responses to an identical mixed test meal of 3330 kJ were measured on three occasions: (i) during daytime on a normal working day, (ii) during night-time at the beginning of a period of night-shift work, and (iii) during the daytime on return from night working to daytime working. Venous blood was taken for 9 h after the meal for the measurement of glucose, insulin, triacylglycerol (TAG) and non-esterified fatty acids. Urine was collected 4-hourly (longer during sleep) on each test day for assessment of the circadian phase via 6-sulphatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) assay. During normal daytime working, aMT6s acrophase was delayed (7.7+/-1.0 h (s.e.m.)) compared with that previously found in temperate zones in a comparable age-group. During the night shift a further delay was evident (11.8+/-1.9 h) and subjects' acrophases remained delayed 2 days after return to daytime working (12.4+/-1.8 h). Integrated postprandial glucose, insulin and TAG responses were significantly elevated during the night shift compared with normal daytime working. Two days after their return to daytime working, subjects' postprandial glucose and insulin responses had returned to pre-shift levels; however, integrated TAG levels remained significantly elevated. These results are very similar to those previously found in simulated night-shift conditions; it is the first time such changes have been reported in real shift workers in field conditions. They provide evidence that the abnormal metabolic responses to meals taken at night during unadapted night shifts are due, at least in part, to a relative insulin resistance, which could contribute to the documented cardiovascular morbidity associated with shift work. When applied to the 20% of the UK workforce currently employed on shift work, these findings have major significance from an occupational health perspective.
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Circadian misalignment has been observed in chronic jet lag and night shift workers, who exhibit lowered glucose and lipid tolerance, increased liver lipogenesis, higher BMI, and are prone to various metabolic diseases such as obesity, CVD, gastrointestinal disorders, and T2DM.
“Circadian misalignment has been observed in chronic jet lag and night shift workers, who exhibit a lowered glucose and lipid tolerance, increased liver lipogenesis, higher body mass index (BMI), and are prone to various metabolic diseases such as obesity, CVD, gastrointestinal disorders, and T2DM [258,259,260].”
From Effects of diet, lifestyle, Chrononutrition and alternative dietary interventions on postprandial Glycemia and insulin resistance (2022) · cites this paper as [258]
Different forms of shift work induce multiple forms of circadian misalignment, which are believed to underlie raised postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations in shift workers, increased risk of impaired glucose tolerance, and type 2 diabetes.
“Different forms of shift work are reported to induce multiple forms of circadian misalignment, which are believed to underlie the observed raised postprandial glucose (120) and insulin concentrations in shift workers (121), as well as the increased risk of impaired glucose tolerance (122) and type 2 diabetes observed in epidemiologic studies (81).”
From Chronotype: Implications for Epidemiologic Studies on Chrono-Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health (2019) · cites this paper as [121]
Early studies showed decreased glucose tolerance under simulated shift work conditions and in shift workers.
“Important early studies have shown decreased glucose tolerance, a risk factor for diabetes, under simulated shift work conditions and in shift workers [e.g., Hampton et al. (67) and Lund et al. (68)].”
From Circadian rhythms, metabolism, and chrononutrition in rodents and humans (2016) · cites this paper as [68]
Postprandial glucose, insulin, and triglyceride levels are higher during night work than day work under field conditions.
“Furthermore, postprandial glucose, insulin, and triglyceride levels are higher during night work than day work under field conditions (Lund et al., 2001).”
From The impact of the circadian timing system on cardiovascular and metabolic function (2012) · cites this paper as Lund et al., 2001
Glucose and insulin postprandial responses normalize 2 days after ceasing night work.
“The glucose and insulin, but not triglyceride, postprandial responses normalize 2 days after ceasing night work, indicating that some—but not all—of the adverse metabolic and hormonal effects of night work quickly subside after short-term exposure (Lund et al., 2001; Ribeiro et al., 1998).”
From The impact of the circadian timing system on cardiovascular and metabolic function (2012) · cites this paper as Lund et al., 2001
Triglyceride postprandial responses do not normalize 2 days after ceasing night work.
“The glucose and insulin, but not triglyceride, postprandial responses normalize 2 days after ceasing night work, indicating that some—but not all—of the adverse metabolic and hormonal effects of night work quickly subside after short-term exposure (Lund et al., 2001; Ribeiro et al., 1998).”
From The impact of the circadian timing system on cardiovascular and metabolic function (2012) · cites this paper as Lund et al., 2001
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- Authors
- Lund, J., Arendt, J., Hampton, S., English, J., & Morgan, L.
- Affiliations
- British Antarctic Survey (GB)
- University of Surrey (GB)
- Venue
- Journal of Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Bioscientifica
- Published
- 2001-12-01
- Volume
- 171
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 557-564
- ISSN
- 0022-0795 (ISSN-L)
- 1479-6805
- OpenAlex
- W2122738447
- Cited by
- 206
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 6.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- NERC Open Research Archive (Natural Environment Research Council) (submittedVersion)
- Open Research (University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
- Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
- Keywords
- shift work, night shift work, circadian rhythm, postprandial blood glucose, insulin response, triglycerides, free fatty acids, insulin resistance, cardiovascular risk, 6-sulfatoxymelatonin, acrophase, occupational health
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Fasting, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Female, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Lipids, Male, Personnel Staffing and Scheduling, Triglycerides, Work Schedule Tolerance, Postprandial Period
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