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Low Levels of Sex Hormone-binding Globulin and Testosterone Predict the Development of Non-Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus in Men
Abstract
Few prospective data are available regarding the association of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), testosterone, and the risk of developing diabetes. Stored fasting serum samples from participants enrolled in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT) at 22 centers throughout the United States from December 1973 through February 1976 were used to perform a nested case- control study. For 176 initially nondiabetic men who had developed diabetes during 5 years of follow-up, two controls were selected, one matched only for randomization date, treatment group, and clinic ("loose controls") and the other matched additionally for fasting glucose and body mass index ("tight controls"). When cases were compared with lose controls, higher levels of fasting insulin and lower levels of total and free testosterone and SHBG were significantly associated with increased development of diabetes. However, when cases were compared with tightly matched controls, these associations weakened considerably. Low SHBG and testosterone may constitute part of the prediabetic state in men along with previously reported variables, such as higher glucose and insulin levels and obesity.
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“Low testosterone levels have also been found to predict insulin resistance and the future development of type 2 diabetes (3-5).”
From Clinical and Biochemical Assessment of Hypogonadism in Men With Type 2 Diabetes (2007) · cites this paper as [5]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Haffner, S. M., Shaten, J., Stem, M. P., Smith, G. D., Kuller, L., & MRFIT Research Group
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science Center (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- University of Glasgow (GB)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Shaten, J.
- Venue
- American Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1996-05-01
- Volume
- 143
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 889-897
- ISSN
- 0002-9262 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-6256
- OpenAlex
- W2132837172
- Cited by
- 320
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 2.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r37hl036820-10)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R37HL36820, R01HL024799, HL43232, R01HL043232, R01HL24799)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
- Keywords
- sex hormone-binding globulin, testosterone, type 2 diabetes, type 2 diabetes risk, prediabetes, fasting insulin, free testosterone, men, Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial, obesity, fasting blood glucose
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Fasting, Humans, Insulin, Male, Middle Aged, Predictive Value of Tests, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, Testosterone, Body Mass Index, Case-Control Studies, Matched-Pair Analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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