Cited by 144Autism Spectrum Disorder ResearchFace Recognition and PerceptionAction Observation and Synchronization

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Elevated amygdala response to faces and gaze aversion in autism spectrum disorder

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Tottenham, Nim, Hertzig, Margaret E., Gillespie-Lynch, Kristen, Gilhooly, Tara, Millner, Alexander J., Casey, B.J.·2014·Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

DOI 10.1093/scan/nst050PMC PMC3871735

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Abstract

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are often associated with impairments in judgment of facial expressions. This impairment is often accompanied by diminished eye contact and atypical amygdala responses to face stimuli. The current study used a within-subjects design to examine the effects of natural viewing and an experimental eye-gaze manipulation on amygdala responses to faces. Individuals with ASD showed less gaze toward the eye region of faces relative to a control group. Among individuals with ASD, reduced eye gaze was associated with higher threat ratings of neutral faces. Amygdala signal was elevated in the ASD group relative to controls. This elevated response was further potentiated by experimentally manipulating gaze to the eye region. Potentiation by the gaze manipulation was largest for those individuals who exhibited the least amount of naturally occurring gaze toward the eye region and was associated with their subjective threat ratings. Effects were largest for neutral faces, highlighting the importance of examining neutral faces in the pathophysiology of autism and questioning their use as control stimuli with this population. Overall, our findings provide support for the notion that gaze direction modulates affective response to faces in ASD.

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Black, M. H., Chen, N. T. M., Iyer, K. K., Lipp, O. V., Bölte, S., Falkmer, M., Tan, T., & Girdler, S. J. (2017) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.06.016 · Cited by 279

See all 144

Authors: Tottenham, N., Hertzig, M. E., Gillespie-Lynch, K., Gilhooly, T., Millner, A. J., & Casey, B. J.
Affiliations: University of California, Los Angeles (US)
St. John's University (US)
ORCID: Tottenham, Nim
Millner, Alexander J.
Venue: Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2013-04-16
Volume: 9
Issue: 1
Pages: 106-117
ISSN: 1749-5016 (ISSN-L)
1749-5024
DOI: 10.1093/scan/nst050
PMC: PMC3871735
OpenAlex: W2133553417
Cited by: 144
References: 98
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 3
FWCI: 6.19
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
Keywords: autism spectrum disorder, amygdala, face perception, gaze aversion, gaze, neutral faces, threat detection, gaze direction, social cognition
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Amygdala, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Escape Reaction, Face, Facial Expression, Female, Fixation, Ocular, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Male, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Reaction Time, Young Adult

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Elevated amygdala response to faces and gaze aversion in autism spectrum disorder

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