A meta-analysis of changes in brain activity in clinical depression
Open accessAbstract
Insights into neurobiological mechanisms of depression are increasingly being sought via brain imaging studies. Our aim was to quantitatively summarize overlap and divergence in regions of altered brain activation associated with depression under emotionally valenced compared to cognitively demanding task conditions, and with reference to intrinsic functional connectivity. We hypothesized differences reflective of task demands. A co-ordinate-based meta-analysis technique, activation likelihood estimation, was used to analyze relevant imaging literature. These studies compared brain activity in depressed adults relative to healthy controls during three conditions: (i) emotionally valenced (cognitively easy) tasks (n = 29); (ii) cognitively demanding tasks (n = 15); and (iii) resting conditions (n = 21). The meta-analyses identified five, eight, and seven significant clusters of altered brain activity under emotion, cognition, and resting conditions, respectively, in depressed individuals compared to healthy controls. Regions of overlap and divergence between pairs of the three separate meta-analyses were quantified. There were no significant regions of overlap between emotion and cognition meta-analyses, but several divergent clusters were found. Cognitively demanding conditions were associated with greater activation of right medial frontal and insula regions while bilateral amygdala was more significantly altered during emotion (cognitively undemanding) conditions; consistent with task demands. Overlap was present in left amygdala and right subcallosal cingulate between emotion and resting meta-analyses, with no significant divergence. Our meta-analyses highlight alteration of common brain regions, during cognitively undemanding emotional tasks and resting conditions but divergence of regions between emotional and cognitively demanding tasks. Regions altered reflect current biological and system-level models of depression and highlight the relationship with task condition and difficulty.
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Paradigm type can affect results.
“due to evidence that paradigm type can effect results (Fu et al., 2007; Messina et al., 2013; Palmer et al., 2015; Whitfield-Gabrieli et al., 2011).”
From Meta-analyses of the neural mechanisms and predictors of response to psychotherapy in depression and anxiety (2018) · cites this paper as Palmer et al., 2015
The type of task can have a great effect on the neural activation detected.
“even the type of task can have a great effect on the neural activation detected (Fu et al., 2007; Palmer et al., 2015).”
From Meta-analyses of the neural mechanisms and predictors of response to psychotherapy in depression and anxiety (2018) · cites this paper as Palmer et al., 2015
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Background
- Authors
- Palmer, S. M., Crewther, S. G., Carey, L. M., & The START Project Team
- Affiliations
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (AU)
- La Trobe University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Carey, Leeanne M.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2015-01-14
- Volume
- 8
- Pages
- 1045-1045
- ISSN
- 1662-5161 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4294131
- OpenAlex
- W2089081705
- Cited by
- 116
- References
- 138
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 6
- FWCI
- 1.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Human Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
- State Government of Victoria
- Australian Research Council (FT0992299)
- National Health and Medical Research Council (1022694)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- major depressive disorder, brain activation, cognitively demanding tasks, resting state, intrinsic functional connectivity, amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, insula, subcallosal cingulate, task demands
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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