Bupropion Hydrochloride in Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
Abstract
Objective This is a multisite, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine the safety and efficacy of bupropion in the treatment of children with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADDH).Method In a four-center, double-blind comparison of bupropion (n = 72) and placebo (n = 37), children aged 6 to 12 years meeting DSM-III criteria for ADDH were randomized to receive bupropion 3 to 6 mg/kg per day or placebo, administered twice daily, at 7 A.M. and 7 P.M. Measures of efficacy included the Conners Parent and Teacher Questionnaires (93-item, 39-item, and 10 item), Clinical Global Impressions Scales of Severity and Improvement, the Sternberg Short-Term Memory Task, and the Continuous Performance Test. Screen and posttreatment physical examinations, electrocardiograms, electroencephalograms, and clinical laboratory evaluations were performed. Height, weight, and vital signs were measured and adverse experiences were assessed weekly.Results A significant treatment effect, apparent as early as day 3, was present for both conduct problems and hyperactivity on the Conners 10-item and 39-item teacher's checklist, and at day 28 for conduct problems and restless-impulsive behavior on the 93-item parent questionnaire. Findings were of smaller magnitude for parent ratings than teacher ratings. Significant treatment effects were present on both the Continuous Performance Test and memory retrieval test. Effect sizes of bupropion/placebo differences for teacher and parent ratings in this study were somewhat smaller than for standard stimulant drugs used to treat ADDH. Bupropion appeared to be well tolerated in most children. Dermatological reactions were twice as frequent in the drug group as the placebo group, with four reactions involving rash and urticaria that were serious enough to require discontinuation of medication.Conclusions Bupropion may be a useful addition to available treatments for ADDH. Comparative trials with such standard drugs as methylphenidate are warranted to determine the relative clinical merits of bupropion.
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Bupropion has been used off-label for treating ADHD, yet it has been shown to have only very moderate efficacy for treating core ADHD symptoms.
“bupropion has been used off-label for treating ADHD, yet it has been shown to have only very moderate efficacy for treating core ADHD symptoms [499,500].”
From Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes: animal models and clinical findings (2012) · cites this paper as [499]
Bupropion has been shown to improve sustained attention in youth with ADHD and healthy adults.
“Bupropion, a NE and DA reuptake inhibitor approved as an antidepressant has likewise been shown to improve sustained attention in youth with ADHD114 and healthy adults115.”
From Paying attention to attention in depression (2019) · cites this paper as [114]
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- Authors
- CONNERS, C. K., CASAT, C. D., GUALTIERI, C. T., WELLER, E., READER, M., REISS, A., WELLER, R. A., KHAYRALLAH, M., & ASCHER, J.
- Affiliations
- Kennedy Krieger Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- CONNERS, C. KEITH
- ORCID
- REISS, ALLAN
- Venue
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1996-10
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1314-1321
- ISSN
- 0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2001448102
- Cited by
- 342
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 10.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pharmaceutical studies and practices
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- bupropion hydrochloride, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD medication, children, conduct problems, hyperactivity, impulsivity, short-term memory, drug safety, adverse drug reactions, skin reactions
- MeSH terms
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Double-Blind Method, Drug Administration Schedule, Female, Humans, Male, Personality Assessment, Comorbidity, Bupropion, Treatment Outcome, Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation
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