Functional food addressing heart health: do we have to target the gut microbiota?
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Health promoting functional food ingredients for cardiovascular health are generally aimed at modulating lipid metabolism in consumers. However, significant advances have furthered our understanding of the mechanisms involved in development, progression, and treatment of cardiovascular disease. In parallel, a central role of the gut microbiota, both in accelerating and attenuating cardiovascular disease, has emerged. RECENT FINDINGS: Modulation of the gut microbiota, by use of prebiotics and probiotics, has recently shown promise in cardiovascular disease prevention. Certain prebiotics can promote a short chain fatty acid profile that alters hormone secretion and attenuates cholesterol synthesis, whereas bile salt hydrolase and exopolysaccharide-producing probiotics have been shown to actively correct hypercholesterolemia. Furthermore, specific microbial genera have been identified as potential cardiovascular disease risk factors. This effect is attributed to the ability of certain members of the gut microbiota to convert dietary quaternary amines to trimethylamine, the primary substrate of the putatively atherosclerosis-promoting compound trimethylamine-N-oxide. In this respect, current research is indicating trimethylamine-depleting Achaea - termed Archeabiotics as a potential novel dietary strategy for promoting heart health. SUMMARY: The microbiota offers a modifiable target, which has the potential to progress or prevent cardiovascular disease development. Whereas host-targeted interventions remain the standard, current research implicates microbiota-mediated therapies as an effective means of modulating cardiovascular health.
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Functional foods attempt to improve health by incorporating bioactive compounds that may alter lipid, vascular, and other metabolic pathways, microbiome composition and function, and digestive and inflammatory systems.
“Similar to dietary supplements, functional foods attempt to improve health by incorporating bioactive compounds that may alter lipid, vascular, and other metabolic pathways, microbiome composition and function, and digestive and inflammatory systems.114-121”
From Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review (2016) · cites this paper as [120]
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- Authors
- Ryan, P. M., Ross, R. P., Fitzgerald, G. F., Caplice, N. M., & Stanton, C.
- Affiliations
- Teagasc - The Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority (IE)
- APC Microbiome Institute (IE)
- University College Cork (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Stanton, Catherine
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care
- Published
- 2015-11
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 566-571
- ISSN
- 1363-1950 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2398687142
- Cited by
- 28
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 0.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- functional foods, cardiovascular health, gut microbiota, prebiotics, probiotics, short-chain fatty acids, bile salt hydrolase, exopolysaccharides, hypercholesterolemia, trimethylamine, trimethylamine N-oxide, cardiovascular disease prevention, lipid metabolism
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart, Humans, Probiotics, Functional Food, Prebiotics
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