Exercise, fitness, and the gut
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Exercise and gut symptomatology have long been connected. The possibility that regular exercise fosters intestinal health and function has been somewhat overlooked in the scientific literature. In this review, we summarize current knowledge and discuss a selection of recent, relevant, and innovative studies, hypotheses and reviews that elucidate a complex topic. RECENT FINDINGS: The multiorgan benefits of regular exercise are extensive. When taken in moderation, these benefits transcend improved cardio-respiratory fitness and likely reach the gut in a metabolic, immunological, neural, and microbial manner. This is applicable in both health and disease. However, further work is required to provide safe, effective recommendations on physical activity in specific gastrointestinal conditions. SUMMARY: Challenging methodology investigating the relationship between exercise and gut health should not deter from exploring exercise in the promotion of gastrointestinal health.
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Microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract play a role in nutrient uptake, vitamin synthesis, energy harvest, inflammatory modulation, and host immune response.
“The microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract play a significant role in nutrient uptake, vitamin synthesis, energy harvest, inflammatory modulation, and host immune response, collectively contributing to human health.”
From The athletic gut microbiota (2020) · cites this paper as [3]
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“Whether weight loss, either through exercise or calorie reduction, can shift gut microbial communities, specifically during the progression of early life obesity, is completely unknown, yet recent work highlights the importance of elucidating relationships between exercise and gut health in humans (9).”
BackgroundGut microbiome associations with breast cancer risk factors and tumor characteristics: a pilot study
Wu, A. H., Tseng, C.-C., Vigen, C. L. P., Yu, Y., Cozen, W., García, A. A., & SPICER, D. V. (2020) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-020-05702-6 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
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Exercise and gut microbiota: clinical implications for the feasibility of Tai Chi.
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“…the benefits of exercise, that are well established for cardiovascular and metabolic health, extend to other organ systems including the gut (Cronin et al., 2016), the lack of exercise also reached and affected the gut on a short time scale of 21 days (NBR) and was additionally aggravated…”
BackgroundBarton, W., Cronin, O., García‐Pérez, I., Whiston, R., Holmes, E. C., Woods, T., Molloy, C. B., Molloy, M. G., Shanahan, F., Cotter, P. D., et al. (2020) · Translational Sports Medicine · doi:10.1002/tsm2.215 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“This pertains to both the composition and metabolic 53 production of the microbiota [1-5] (as reviewed [6-10]).”
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“WP and whey protein hydrolysates (WPH), which are considerable sources of glutamine dipeptide and known for their postexercise recovery effects and muscle hypertrophy results, may contribute to gut microbiota composition and potentially to lipid metabolism, as judged by metagenomic analysis in samples from these subje…”
BackgroundGut Microbiome and Gastrointestinal Cancer
Tozun, N. A., & Vardareli, E. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mcg.0000000000000714 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
‘Microbes in sport’ – The potential role of the gut microbiota in athlete health and performance
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“…(e.g. 16S rRNA) assessments of the gut microbiota have and still enable the recording of crucial evidence across many populations (and sites within the gastrointestinal tract) and can show how exercise interventions potentially influence the microbiome (Cronin et al., 2016; Mailing et al., 2019).”
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“Sedentary behavior and a lack of physical exercise can affect the composition, diversity, abundance, and function of the gut microbiota [2, 11, 12], causing many health problems, such as obesity, diabetes, cancer, and heart disease [13].”
BackgroundGastrointestinal Conditions in the Female Athlete
Diduch, B. K. (2017) · Clinics in Sports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.csm.2017.06.001 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
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“For example, exercise was recently linked to modifications of the gut microbiome [3], increased vagal-nerve tone at rest [8], gene expression of transport proteins [9], as well as exercise related immunological responses [10–12].”
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“Exercise, in addition, improves GI function [17] and protects against GI disease [18].”
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BackgroundGut associated bacteria are critical to metabolism, inflammation and health
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“More recently, the triad diet-metabolism-exercise is of greater interest, particularly after carefully controlled studies on elite athletes [23].”
BackgroundMetabolic phenotyping of the human microbiome
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Extremely Low Testosterone due to Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport: A Case Report
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“Anemia and hematologic abnormalities are common symptoms of RED-S (termed “sports anemia”), albeit predominantly studied in endurance and ultra-endurance athletes, primarily runners (10).”
BackgroundResolution of inflammation in chronic disease via restoration of the heat shock response (HSR)
Schroeder, H. T., Muller, C. H. D. L., Heck, T. G., Krause, M. D. S., & de Bittencourt, P. I. H. (2024) · Cell Stress and Chaperones · doi:10.1016/j.cstres.2024.01.005 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“113 Furthermore, WPH is emerging as a novel antidiabetic agent, exhibiting favorable effects on glycemia in animal models and humans.”
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“Exercise-induced psychological stress is linked to elevated levels of stress hormones in wrestlers [34].”
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Gut Microbiota and Endurance Exercıse
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Effects of pre-exercise sucrose ingestion on thermoregulatory responses to near-maximal 5-km running
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Role of adipokines in regulation of colonic motor activity in overweight and obese individuals
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SPORCULARDA PROBİYOTİK TAKVİYESİ VE MİKROBİYATANIN PERFORMANSA ETKİSİ
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- Authors
- Cronin, O., Molloy, M. G., & Shanahan, F.
- Affiliations
- National University of Ireland (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Cronin, Owen
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Gastroenterology
- Published
- 2016-03
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 67-73
- ISSN
- 0267-1379 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2418221791
- Semantic Scholar
- 003323be78b5864b4fd15dfa9ab657054387a872
- Cited by
- 47
- References
- 85
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7
- FWCI
- 1.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Gastroenterology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Keywords
- physical activity, gut health, gastrointestinal symptoms, cardiorespiratory fitness, gut microbiota, exercise immunology, gut-brain axis, physical activity guidelines, gastrointestinal diseases
- MeSH terms
- Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Gastrointestinal Motility, Health Promotion, Humans, Physical Fitness, Quality of Life, Exercise, Guidelines as Topic, Immunity, Mucosal
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