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Neuropathology of the Anterior Midcingulate Cortex in Young Children With Autism
Abstract
The anterior cingulate cortex, which is involved in cognitive and affective functioning, is important in investigating disorders in which individuals exhibit impairments in higher-order functions. In this study, we examined the anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC) at the cellular level in patients with autism and in controls. We focused our analysis on layer V of the aMCC because it contains von Economo neurons, specialized cells thought to be involved in emotional expression and focused attention. Using a stereologic approach, we determined whether there were neuropathologic changes in von Economo neuron number, pyramidal neuron number, or pyramidal neuron size between diagnostic groups. When the groups were subdivided into young children and adolescents, pyramidal neuron and von Economo neuron numbers positively correlated with autism severity in young children, as measured by the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised. Young children with autism also had significantly smaller pyramidal neurons than their matched controls. Because the aMCC is involved in decision-making during uncertain situations, decreased pyramidal neuron size may reflect a potential reduction in the functional connectivity of the aMCC.
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“Young children with ASD do present with neuropathology in the aMCC, showing a positive correlation between ASD severity and number of pyramidal neurons and VENs [360]. Additionally, young children with ASD have significantly smaller pyramidal neurons than controls.”
From Autism spectrum disorder: neuropathology and animal models (2017) · cites this paper as [360]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Uppal, N., Wicinski, B., Buxbaum, J. D., Heinsen, H., Schmitz, C., & Hof, P. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Würzburg (DE)
- Venue
- Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2014-09
- Volume
- 73
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 891-902
- ISSN
- 0022-3069 (ISSN-L)
- 1554-6578
- OpenAlex
- W2328250085
- Cited by
- 52
- References
- 85
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 4.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
- National Institutes of Health
- Medical Research Council (MR/L022656/1)
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, anterior midcingulate cortex, von Economo neurons, layer V, pyramidal neurons, neuron size, autism severity, young children, adolescents, stereology, functional connectivity, decision-making
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Autistic Disorder, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Male, Neurons, Postmortem Changes, Sex Factors, Young Adult
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