Stressful Life Events, Chronic Difficulties, and the Symptoms of Clinical Depression
Open accessAbstract
Major life events and chronic difficulties have been found to be associated with the onset of depression. Little is known, however, about how exposure to such stressors is related to the clinical presentation of this disorder. We addressed this issue by administering an interview-based measure of life stress, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Global Assessment of Functioning scale to 100 adults diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Participants who experienced a preonset severe life event exhibited greater overall levels of depression severity, endorsed more cognitive and somatic symptoms of depression, and functioned at lower levels than did their counterparts without preonset severe life events. In contrast, exposure to a preonset severe difficulty was unrelated to participants' severity of depression, cognitive and somatic symptoms, or level of global functioning. These findings highlight the potentially greater importance of acute stress compared with chronic stress for influencing these key clinical features of depression.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
A growing body of research has taken a more refined approach to conceptualizing life stress, yielding evidence that different types of life events may have different effects on depression depending on their core features and social-psychological characteristics.
“Emerging from this work is evidence that different types of life events may actually have different effects on depression depending on their core features and social-psychological characteristics”
From From stress to inflammation and major depressive disorder: A social signal transduction theory of depression. (2014) · cites this paper as Muscatell, Slavich, Monroe, & Gotlib, 2009
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,841 · see citing works
Hamilton, M. (1960) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56 · Cited by 32,817 · see citing works
Molecular Mechanisms of Depression: Perspectives on New Treatment Strategies
Lang, U. E., & Borgwardt, S. (2013) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1159/000350094 · Cited by 8,501 · see citing works
Selective Cortical Undercutting As a Means of Modifying and Studying Frontal Lobe Function in Man
Scoville, W. B. (1949) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.1949.6.1.0065 · Cited by 7,373 · see citing works
The World Health Report 2002 - Reducing Risks, Promoting Healthy Life
Available, N. A. N. (2003) · Education for Health · doi:10.1080/1357628031000116808 · Cited by 6,051 · see citing works
Comparison of Beck Depression Inventories -IA and -II in psychiatric outpatients
Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., Ball, R., & Ranieri, W. F. (1996) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa6703_13 · Cited by 5,965 · see citing works
The Global Assessment Scale: A Procedure for Measuring Overall Severity of Psychiatric Disturbance
Endicott, J. (1976) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1976.01770060086012 · Cited by 4,982 · see citing works
The Prevalence of Comorbid Depression in Adults With Diabetes
Anderson, R. J., Freedland, K. E., Clouse, R. E., & Lustman, P. J. (2001) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.24.6.1069 · Cited by 3,926 · see citing works
Social Origins of Depression: A Study of Psychiatric Disorder in Women.
Schnitzer, P. K., Brown, G. W., & Harris, T. (1980) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2065631 · Cited by 3,053 · see citing works
Hammen, C. (2005) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143938 · Cited by 2,979 · see citing works
Causal Relationship Between Stressful Life Events and the Onset of Major Depression
Kendler, K. S., Karkowski, L. M., & Prescott, C. A. (1999) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.156.6.837 · Cited by 2,486 · see citing works
Monroe, S. M., & Simons, A. D. (1991) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.110.3.406 · Cited by 2,143 · see citing works
Self-citationTHE EFFECTS OF STRESSFUL LIFE EVENTS ON DEPRESSION
Kessler, R. C. (1997) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.48.1.191 · Cited by 2,111 · cited 2× · see citing works
“In this context, severe acute life events that possess a high degree of threat and unpleasantness, such as the death of a spouse or loss of an important job, have been found consistently to precede the onset of depression (Hammen, 2005; Kessler, 1997; Monroe et al., 2008; Paykel, 2003).”
Social Origins of Depression: A Study of Psychiatric Disorder in Women
McDaniel, E. G. (1980) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-198009000-00013 · Cited by 1,894 · see citing works
The Economic Burden of Depression in the United States: How Did It Change Between 1990 and 2000?
Greenberg, P. E., Kessler, R. C., Birnbaum, H. G., Leong, S. A., Lowe, S. W., Berglund, P. A., & Corey-Lisle, P. K. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v64n1211 · Cited by 1,280 · see citing works
Greenberg, P. E., Stiglin, L. E., Finkelstein, S. N., & Berndt, E. R. (1994) · PharmacoResources · doi:10.1007/bf03289581 · Cited by 974 · see citing works
Depression and the risk for cardiovascular diseases: Systematic review and meta analysis
Van der Kooy, K., van Hout, H., Marwijk, H., Marten, H., Stehouwer, C., & Beekman, A. (2007) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.1723 · Cited by 951 · see citing works
Attentional biases for negative interpersonal stimuli in clinical depression
Gotlib, I. H., Krasnoperova, E., Yue, D. N., & Joormann, J. (2004) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.113.1.121 · Cited by 911 · see citing works
Self-citationDohrenwend, B. P. (2006) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.132.3.477 · Cited by 601 · see citing works
Modern Approaches to Conceptualizing and Measuring Human Life Stress
Monroe, S. M. (2008) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.4.022007.141207 · Cited by 567 · see citing works
Self-citationBehavioral activation and inhibition systems and the severity and course of depression.
Kasch, K. L., Rottenberg, J., Arnow, B. A., & Gotlib, I. H. (2002) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.111.4.589 · Cited by 551 · see citing works
Self-citationLife stressors as risk factors in depression.
Mazure, C. M. (1998) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.1998.tb00151.x · Cited by 535 · see citing works
The economic burden of depression
Stoudemire, A., Frank, R. W., Hedemark, N., Kamlet, M. S., & Blazer, D. G. (1986) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0163-8343(86)90018-6 · Cited by 480 · see citing works
Life Events, Stress and Depression: A Review of Recent Findings
Tennant, C. (2002) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1046/j.1440-1614.2002.01007.x · Cited by 478 · see citing works
Life events and affective disorders
Paykel, E. S. (2003) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0447.108.s418.13.x · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Chronic stress, acute stress, and depressive symptoms
Mcgonagle, K. A., & Kessler, R. C. (1990) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf00931237 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Association of Different Adverse Life Events With Distinct Patterns of Depressive Symptoms
Keller, M. C., Neale, M. C., & Kendler, K. S. (2007) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.06091564 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
The advantages of studying psychological phenomena rather than psychiatric diagnoses.
Persons, J. B. (1986) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.41.11.1252 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Handbook of depression, 2nd ed.
Gotlib, I. H., & Hammen, C. L. (2009) · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Self-citationLife Events and Endogenous Depression: A Puzzle Reexamined
Brown, G. W. (1994) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950070017006 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
The advantages of studying psychological phenomena rather than psychiatric diagnoses.
Persons, J. B. (1986) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.41.11.1252 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
The symptomatic expression of major depressive disorder in adolescents and young adults.
Lewinsohn, P. M., Pettit, J. W., Joiner, T. E., & Seeley, J. R. (2003) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.112.2.244 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Targeted Rejection Predicts Hastened Onset of Major Depression
Slavich, G. M., Thornton, T., Torres, L. D., Monroe, S. M., & Gotlib, I. H. (2009) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2009.28.2.223 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychiatric history and stress: Predictors of severity of unipolar depression.
Hammen, C. L., Davila, J., Brown, G. P., Ellicott, A., & al, E. (1992) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.101.1.45 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Brown, G. W. (1989) · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Depression and cardiovascular comorbidity
Glassman, A. H. (2007) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2007.9.1/ahglassman · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Monroe, S. M., Slavich, G. M., Torres, L. D., & Gotlib, I. H. (2007) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.116.1.116 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Self-citationSteer, R. A., Beck, A. T., Riskind, J. H., & Brown, G. P. (1987) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/bf00964561 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Life stress and treatment course of recurrent depression: I. Response during index episode.
Monroe, S. M., Kupfer, D. J., & Frank, E. (1992) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.60.5.718 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Self-citationA Generalized Kappa Coefficient
Uebersax, J. S. (1982) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/0013164482421018 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Life Stress and the Symptoms of Major Depression
Monroe, S. M., Harkness, K. L., Simons, A. D., & Thase, M. E. (2001) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-200103000-00005 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationSevere life events predict specific patterns of change in cognitive biases in major depression
Monroe, S. M., Slavich, G. M., Torres, L. D., & Gotlib, I. H. (2007) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291707000281 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationMeasuring Life Stress and Assessing Its Impact on Mental Health
Monroe, S. M., & McQuaid, J. R. (1994) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-1106-3_3 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationLife stress and symptom pattern in out-patient depression
Paykel, E. S., Rao, B., & Taylor, C. N. (1984) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700015166 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
The role of stress in the onset of depressive disorders
Rojo‐Moreno, L., Livianos‐Aldana, L., Cervera-Martínez, G., Dominguez-Carabantes, J. A., & Reig-Cebrian, M. J. (2002) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-002-0595-y · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Psychological Stressors, Overview
Monroe, S. M., & Slavich, G. M. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012373947-6.00317-2 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationThe advantages of the symptom approach to depression.
Costello, C. G. (1993) · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
4 of the 51 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Brown GW Harris TO Brown GW Harris TO Depression Life Events and Illness 1989 London (NY) The Guilford Press 49 93
- Gotlib IH Hammen CL Psychological aspects of depression: Toward a cognitive-interpersonal integration 1992 Chichester, UK Wiley
- Murray C Lopez A The Global Burden of Disease, Summary 1996 Boston (MA) Harvard University Press
- Paykel ES Life stress and symptom pattern in outpatient depression Psychol Med 1984 14 559 568 6494364
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Slavich, G. M., & Irwin, M. R. (2014) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0035302 · Cited by 2,206 · see citing works
Self-citationMore than a feeling: A unified view of stress measurement for population science
Epel, E. S., Crosswell, A. D., Mayer, S. E., Prather, A. A., Slavich, G. M., Puterman, E., & Mendes, W. B. (2018) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.03.001 · Cited by 1,077 · see citing works
“For example, endotoxin administration, a well-known inflammatory challenge, resulted in an exaggerated amygdala response to social stress when compared to those who received the placebo (Muscatell et al., 2009).”
ResultSelf-citationInvesting in the Health and Well-Being of Young Adults
Stroud, C., Walker, L. R., Davis, M., & Irwin, C. E. (2015) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.11.012 · Cited by 450 · see citing works
Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress during COVID-19 Pandemic
Lakhan, R., Agrawal, A., & Sharma, M. (2020) · Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice · doi:10.1055/s-0040-1716442 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
Life Stress and Health: A Review of Conceptual Issues and Recent Findings
Slavich, G. M. (2016) · Teaching of Psychology · doi:10.1177/0098628316662768 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Self-citationThe kynurenine pathway as a therapeutic target in cognitive and neurodegenerative disorders
Stone, T. W., & Darlington, L. G. (2013) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.12230 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
O’Connor, R. C., Rasmussen, S. A., & Hawton, K. (2009) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.09.008 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Harkness, K. L., & Monroe, S. M. (2016) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000178 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Self-citationPredictable chronic mild stress improves mood, hippocampal neurogenesis and memory
Parihar, V. K., Hattiangady, B., Kuruba, R., Shuai, B., & Shetty, A. K. (2009) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2009.130 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Kupferberg, A., & Hasler, G. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2023.100631 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Life Course Perspectives on the Epidemiology of Depression
Colman, I., & Ataullahjan, A. (2010) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674371005501002 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Targeted Rejection Predicts Hastened Onset of Major Depression
Slavich, G. M., Thornton, T., Torres, L. D., Monroe, S. M., & Gotlib, I. H. (2009) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2009.28.2.223 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Self-citationNovelty-seeking behavior predicts vulnerability in a rodent model of depression
Stedenfeld, K. A., Clinton, S. M., Kerman, I. A., Akil, H., Watson, S. J., & Sved, A. F. (2011) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.02.001 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Jarcho, M. R., Slavich, G. M., Tylova-Stein, H., Wolkowitz, O. M., & Burke, H. M. (2013) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.01.018 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Self-citationDooley, L. N., Slavich, G. M., Moreno, P. I., & Bower, J. E. (2017) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.2739 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Self-citationGoecke, T. W., Voigt, F., Faschingbauer, F., Spangler, G., Beckmann, M. W., & Beetz, A. (2012) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-012-2286-6 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Evolutionary psychiatry: foundations, progress and challenges
Nesse, R. M. (2023) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.21072 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
From Stress to Anhedonia: Molecular Processes through Functional Circuits
Stanton, C. H., Holmes, A. J., Chang, S. W. C., & Joormann, J. (2018) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2018.09.008 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Parrish, B. P., Cohen, L. H., & Laurenceau, J.-P. (2011) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2011.30.3.270 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Slavich, G. M., Monroe, S. M., & Gotlib, I. H. (2011) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.03.004 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Self-citationBrown, T. A., & Rosellini, A. J. (2011) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0023035 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Neurogenetics of depression: A focus on reward processing and stress sensitivity
Bogdan, R., Nikolova, Y. S., & Pizzagalli, D. A. (2012) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2012.05.007 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Kiank, C., Taché, Y., & Larauche, M. H. (2009) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2009.08.006 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
The Impact of Different Types of Abuse on Depression
Radell, M. L., Hamza, E. A., Daghustani, W. H., Perveen, A., & Moustafa, A. A. (2021) · Depression Research and Treatment · doi:10.1155/2021/6654503 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Life stress and family history for depression: The moderating role of past depressive episodes
Monroe, S. M., Slavich, G. M., & Gotlib, I. H. (2013) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.11.005 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citationChildhood Adversity and Cumulative Life Stress: Risk Factors for Cancer-Related Fatigue
Bower, J. E., Crosswell, A. D., & Slavich, G. M. (2014) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702613496243 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citationSlavich, G. M., Tartter, M. A., Brennan, P. A., & Hammen, C. (2014) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.07.009 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citationSousa, V. C., Vital, J., Costenla, A. R., Batalha, V. L., Sebastião, A. M., Ribeiro, J. A., & Lopes, L. V. (2014) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.01.024 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Li, E., Luyten, P., & Midgley, N. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.559213 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Murphy‐Royal, C., Gordon, G. R., & Bains, J. S. (2019) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.23610 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Hassanzadeh, A., Heidari, Z., Feizi, A., Keshteli, A. H., Roohafza, H., Afshar, H., & Adibi, P. (2017) · Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine · doi:10.1155/2017/3457103 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Tse, Y. C., Montoya, I., Wong, A. S., Mathieu, A., Lissemore, J., Lagace, D. C., & Wong, T. P. (2014) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.22296 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Røsand, G.-M. B., Slinning, K., Røysamb, E., & Tambs, K. (2014) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-013-0681-3 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
The role of the circadian system in the etiology of depression
de Leeuw, M., Verhoeve, S. I., van der Wee, N. J. A., van Hemert, A. M., Vreugdenhil, E., & Coomans, C. P. (2023) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105383 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Chesnut, M., Harati, S., Paredes, P. E., Khan, Y., Foudeh, A. M., Kim, J., Bao, Z., & Williams, L. M. (2021) · Chronic Stress · doi:10.1177/24705470211000338 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Stressful Life Events and Social Capital During the Early Phase of COVID-19 in the U.S
Jean-Baptiste, C. O., Herring, R. P., Beeson, W. L., Santos, H. D., & Banta, J. E. (2020) · Social Sciences & Humanities Open · doi:10.1016/j.ssaho.2020.100057 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Hayashi, Y., Okamoto, Y., Takagaki, K., Okada, G., Toki, S., Inoue, T., Tanabe, H., Kobayakawa, M., & Yamawaki, S. (2015) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-015-0636-1 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Risk Factors for Depressive Symptoms in Long-Haul Truck Drivers
Crizzle, A. M., Mclean, M., & Malkin, J. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17113764 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Inflammation and dimensions of reward processing following exposure to the influenza vaccine
Boyle, C. C., Kuhlman, K. R., Dooley, L. N., Haydon, M. D., Robles, T. F., Ang, Y., Pizzagalli, D. A., & Bower, J. E. (2018) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.024 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Childhood Adversity and Inflammation in Breast Cancer Survivors
Crosswell, A. D., Bower, J. E., & Ganz, P. A. (2014) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000041 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Adolescents’ Experience with Scoliosis Surgery: A Qualitative Study
Rullander, A., Isberg, S., Karling, M., Jonsson, H., & Lindh, V. (2010) · Pain Management Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2010.07.005 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Zhou, H., Li, R., Ma, Z., Rossi, S., Zhu, X., & Li, J. (2016) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-016-0928-0 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Mollard, E., Kupzyk, K., & Moore, T. (2021) · Women's Health · doi:10.1177/17455065211042190 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Depression and interpersonal stress: The mediating role of emotion regulation
Moriya, J., & Takahashi, Y. (2012) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-012-9323-4 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
dos Santos, E. R., Huang, H. Y., Menezes, P. R., & Scazufca, M. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0150046 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Vegetarian Diet Is Associated with Lower Risk of Depression in Taiwan
Shen, Y., Chang, C.-E., Lin, M., & Lin, C.-L. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13041059 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Hippocampal multimodal structural changes and subclinical depression in healthy individuals
Spalletta, G., Piras, F., Caltagirone, C., & Fagioli, S. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.05.068 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Haj‐Mirzaian, A., Kordjazy, N., Ostadhadi, S., Amiri, S., Haj‐Mirzaian, A., & Dehpour, A. R. (2016) · Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1139/cjpp-2015-0429 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Stressful life events severity in patients with first and recurrent depressive episodes
Roca, M., Gili, M., García‐Campayo, J., Armengol, S., Bauzá, N., & Garcı́a-Toro, M. (2013) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-013-0691-1 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Astrocyte-Derived Lactate Modulates the Passive Coping Response to Behavioral Challenge in Male Mice
Yin, Y., Hu, J., Wei, Y., Li, Z., Luo, Z.-C., Wang, R., Yang, K.-X., Li, S.-J., Li, X., Yang, J., et al. (2020) · Neuroscience Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s12264-020-00553-z · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Sanwald, S., Widenhorn‐Müller, K., Schönfeldt‐Lecuona, C., Connemann, B. J., Gahr, M., Kammer, T., Montag, C., & Kiefer, M. (2021) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-021-03166-6 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Abbas, R., Hammam, R. A. M., El-Gohary, S., Sabik, L. M. E., & Hunter, M. S. (2013) · PubMed · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Stressful life events, cognitive symptoms of depression and response to antidepressants in GENDEP
Keers, R., Uher, R., Gupta, B., Rietschel, M., Schulze, T. G., Hauser, J., Skibińska, M., Henigsberg, N., Kalember, P., Maier, W., et al. (2010) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.06.011 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Dynamic regulation of NMDAR function in the adult brain by the stress hormone corticosterone
Tse, Y. C., Bagot, R. C., & Wong, T. P. (2012) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2012.00009 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Dunčko, R., Fischer, S., Hatch, S., Frissa, S., Goodwin, L., Papadopoulos, A., Cleare, A., & Hotopf, M. (2019) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000498920 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Psychosocial Stress as a Risk Factor for Sepsis
Ojard, C., Donnelly, J. P., Safford, M. M., Griffin, R. L., & Wang, H. E. (2015) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000120 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Liu, X., Yuan, J., Guang, Y., Wang, X., & Feng, Z. (2018) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2018.00613 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Caplan, S., & Buyske, S. G. (2015) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph120910450 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Cooper, D. K., Bachem, R., Meentken, M. G., Aceves, L., & Barrios, A. G. P. (2019) · Journal of Latinx Psychology · doi:10.1037/lat0000145 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
A Machine Learning Approach to Predicting New‐onset Depression in a Military Population
Sampson, L., Jiang, T., Gradus, J. L., Cabral, H., Rosellini, A. J., Calabrese, J. R., Cohen, G. H., Fink, D. S., King, A. P. J., Liberzon, I., et al. (2021) · Psychiatric Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1176/appi.prcp.20200031 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Primary Prevention in Psychiatry Adult Populations
Brenner, R., Madhusoodanan, S., Puttichanda, S., & Chandra, P. (2010) · Annals of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/104012371002200403 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Depresión en adolescentes: El papel de los sucesos vitales estresantes
López, M. V., Fuentes, N. I. G. A. L., Palos, P. A., & Barneveld, H. O. V. (2012) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Leisure behavior and sense of coherence in the context of depression
Nagata, S., McCormick, B. P., & Piatt, J. A. (2019) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.22250 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Lee, K. H., Lee, H. Y., Park, I., Jeon, J. E., Kim, N., Oh, S. M., Jeon, S., Kim, S., Lee, Y. J., & Kim, S. J. (2021) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00048674211025729 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
EEG Frontal Lobe Asymmetry as a Function of Sex, Depression Severity, and Depression Subtype.
Sharpley, C., Bitsika, V., Shadli, S. M., Jesulola, E., & Agnew, L. (2023) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114354 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Ward, K. P., Shaw, S. A., Chang, M., & El‐Bassel, N. (2018) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22324 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Lebedeva, K. A., Allen, J., Kulhawy, E. Y., Caruncho, H. J., & Kalynchuk, L. E. (2020) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113070 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Relationships among stress, experiential avoidance and depression in psychiatric patients
Rueda, B., & Valls, E. (2016) · The Spanish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1017/sjp.2016.32 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Mental Pain Among Female Suicide Attempt Survivors in Israel: An Exploratory Qualitative Study
Segal‐Engelchin, D., Kfir-Levin, N., Neustaedter, S. B., & Mirsky, J. (2015) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-015-9545-2 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Nagata, S., McCormick, B. P., & Piatt, J. A. (2018) · Leisure Sciences · doi:10.1080/01490400.2018.1458667 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Kıral, K., Yetim, Ü., Özge, A., & Aydın, A. (2015) · Ageing and Society · doi:10.1017/s0144686x1500104x · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Shvetcov, A., Kupper, J. F., Zheng, W. Y., Slade, A., Han, J., Whitton, A. E., Spoelma, M. J., Hoon, L., Mouzakis, K., Vasa, R., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1422027 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Slavich, G. M., & Toussaint, L. L. (2013) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.2523 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationPeel, A. J., Armour, C., Buckman, J. E. J., Coleman, J. R. I., Curzons, S. C. B., Davies, M. R., Hübel, C., Jones, I. R., Kalsi, G., McAtarsney‐Kovacs, M., et al. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100201 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Toyoshima, K., Inoue, T., Kameyama, R., Masuya, J., Fujimura, Y., Higashi, S., & Kusumi, I. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2020.100050 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
van der Laan, J. E., Vinke, C. M., & Arndt, S. S. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0286429 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Foubert, L., Noël, Y., Spahr, C. M., & Slavich, G. M. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23131 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationThe relation between stress and impulsivity during the first year of college
Seldin, K., Lengua, L. J., & King, K. M. (2022) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12792 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Stressful life events and trajectories of depression symptoms in a U.S. military cohort
Sampson, L., Cabral, H., Rosellini, A. J., Gradus, J. L., Cohen, G. H., Fink, D. S., King, A. P. J., Liberzon, I., & Galea, S. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-14496-0 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Wrobel, A. L., Russell, S. E., Jayasinghe, A., Kavanagh, B. E., Lotfaliany, M., Turner, A., Dean, O. M., Cotton, S., Diaz‐Byrd, C., Yocum, A. K., et al. (2022) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00048674221115644 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Review: Tinospora cordifolia in the Treatment of Depression
Sezal, & Walia (2015) · Pharmatutor · Cited by 8 · see citing works
RADICLE Moms study: Minority stress and implications for lesbian mothers
Mosovsky, S., Nolan, B. A. D., Marković, N., & Stall, R. D. (2016) · Women & Health · doi:10.1080/03630242.2016.1141827 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Pradhan, L. K., Sahoo, P. K., Sarangi, P., Chauhan, N. R., & Das, S. K. (2022) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-022-03724-8 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Sharpley, C., Bitsika, V., Shadli, S. M., Jesulola, E., & Agnew, L. (2023) · Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111687 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Hühne, V., dos Santos‐Ribeiro, S., Moreira‐de‐Oliveira, M. E., de Menezes, G. B., & Fontenelle, L. F. (2024) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852924000269 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Memory impairments in rodent depression models: A link with depression theories
Sałaciak, K., Koszałka, A., Lustyk, K., Żmudzka, E., Jagielska, A., & Pytka, K. (2023) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110774 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Roy, A., & Roy, R. N. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802175-0.00017-6 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Xin, M., Petrovic, J., Zhang, L., & Yang, X. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.998535 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Constant, A., Sanz, M., & Moirand, R. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19041948 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Stressful life events and incident depression among U.S. military personnel
Sampson, L., Gradus, J. L., Cabral, H., Rosellini, A. J., Fink, D. S., Cohen, G. H., Liberzon, I., & Galea, S. (2023) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-023-02445-9 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The biosocial health of U.S. long haul truckers: Syndemics of the road
Singer, M. C. (2024) · Journal of Transport & Health · doi:10.1016/j.jth.2024.101939 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Yazdi, M., Roohafza, H., Feizi, A., & Sarafzadegan, N. (2018) · EXCLI journal · doi:10.17179/excli2018-1051 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Psychoendocrinology: arginine vasopressin and resilience in patients with major depressive disorder
Mawella, S. M. A., Hussein, H. A., Zyada, F., Abdelaal, A., Ayoub, D. R., & Naguy, A. (2021) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852921000730 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Evaluation of Emotion Regulation in Caregivers Referred to a Parent-Training Program
Wallace, N. M. (2014) · doi:10.33915/etd.6891 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Duller, S., Clarke, G. A., Herculano‐Houzel, S., von Känel, R., Kirsch, P., Landolt, H., Naschold, B., Reber, S. O., Schreiber, R., Walter, M., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1577689 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationBradshaw, M., Shiba, K., Jang, S. J., Kent, B. V., Bonhag, R., Johnson, B. R., & VanderWeele, T. J. (2026) · Communications Medicine · doi:10.1038/s43856-025-01366-9 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
The impact of childhood sexual abuse and its associated stigma on depressed women in Egypt
Sehlo, M. G., Youssef, U. M., Elgohary, H. M., El-deen, G. M. S., & Ali, E. A. (2022) · The Egyptian Journal of Neurology Psychiatry and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1186/s41983-022-00587-2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Nesse, R. M., & Stein, D. J. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-42825-9_71-1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Stoicism or Defeat? The Psychological Impact of the Kiln Environment on Working Donkeys and Mules
Taylor, K., Harrison, A., & Capaldo, T. (2025) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani15111525 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Religiosity and Depression: A Ten-Year Follow-up of Offspring at High and Low Risk for Depression
Sage, M. (2011) · doi:10.7916/d8jh3t6x · Cited by 2 · see citing works
- Authors
- Muscatell, K. A., Slavich, G. M., Monroe, S. M., & Gotlib, I. H.
- Affiliations
- Boston College (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- University of Notre Dame (US)
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Muscatell, Keely A.
- Venue
- Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease
- Published
- 2009-03
- Volume
- 197
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 154-160
- ISSN
- 0022-3018 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2840389
- OpenAlex
- W2091240107
- Cited by
- 126
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 9.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-60802, MH59259, R01MH060802, R01MH059259)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Disorders
- Keywords
- life events, major depressive disorder, depression severity, cognitive symptoms of depression, somatic symptoms of depression, global functioning, acute stress, chronic stress, Beck Depression Inventory, Global Assessment of Functioning
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Chronic Disease, Cognition Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Life Change Events, Male, Middle Aged, Personality Inventory, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Somatoform Disorders, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
