The DOI matches its Crossref record; 85 of the 85 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Structure and Function of the Human Insula
Open accessAbstract
Summary: The insular cortex, or “Island of Reil,” is hidden deep within the lateral sulcus of the brain. Subdivisions within the insula have been identified on the basis of cytoarchitectonics, sulcal landmarks, and connectivity. Depending on the parcellation technique used, the insula can be divided into anywhere between 2 and 13 distinct subdivisions. The insula subserves a wide variety of functions in humans ranging from sensory and affective processing to high-level cognition. Here, we provide a concise summary of known structural and functional features of the human insular cortex with a focus on lesion case studies and recent neuroimaging evidence for considerable functional heterogeneity of this brain region.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The insula can be considered as a hub integrating exteroceptive sensory inputs and interoceptive signals (Uddin, Nomi, H ebert-Seropian, Ghaziri, & Boucher, 2017), and linking external and internal experiences.”
From The Peripersonal Space in a social world (2021) · cites this paper as Uddin et al., 2017
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“many anatomical features of the insula are shared across rodents and humans, suggesting its role in some fundamental and evolutionarily conserved functions [10].”
From The Insular Cortex: An Interface Between Sensation, Emotion and Cognition (2024) · cites this paper as [10]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Although the human insula has a uniquely larger number of gyri and increased volume relative to brain size, many anatomical features of the insula are shared across rodents and humans, suggesting its role in some fundamental and evolutionarily conserved functions [10].”
From The Insular Cortex: An Interface Between Sensation, Emotion and Cognition (2024) · cites this paper as [10]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Framing of Decisions and the Psychology of Choice
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1981) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7455683 · Cited by 18,497
Functional connectivity in the motor cortex of resting human brain using echo‐planar mri
Biswal, B., Zerrin Yetkin, F., Haughton, V. M., & Hyde, J. S. (1995) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.1910340409 · Cited by 9,812
Statistical parametric maps in functional imaging: A general linear approach
Friston, K. J., Holmes, A. P., Worsley, K. J., Poline, J. ‐., Frith, C. D., & Frackowiak, R. S. J. (1994) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.460020402 · Cited by 9,688
Dissociable intrinsic connectivity networks for salience processing and executive control
Seeley, W. W., Menon, V., Schatzberg, A. F., Keller, J., Glover, G. H., Kenna, H., Reiss, A. L., & Greicius, M. D. (2007) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5587-06.2007 · Cited by 7,426
How do you feel — now? The anterior insula and human awareness
(Bud) Craig, A. D. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2555 · Cited by 6,657
How do you feel? Interoception: The sense of the physiological condition of the body
Craig, A. D. (2002) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn894 · Cited by 6,006
A multi-modal parcellation of human cerebral cortex
Glasser, M. F., Coalson, T. S., Robinson, E. C., Hacker, C. D., Harwell, J., Yacoub, E., Ugurbil, K., Andersson, J., Beckmann, C. F., Jenkinson, M., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature18933 · Cited by 5,111
Neural systems supporting interoceptive awareness
Critchley, H. D., Wiens, S., Rotshtein, P., Öhman, A., & Dolan, R. J. (2004) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1176 · Cited by 3,406
Lerner, J. S., Li, Y., Valdesolo, P., & Kassam, K. S. (2015) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115043 · Cited by 2,913
Sridharan, D., Levitin, D. J., & Menon, V. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0800005105 · Cited by 2,892
Salience processing and insular cortical function and dysfunction
Uddin, L. Q. (2015) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3857 · Cited by 2,083
Self-citationCircuitry and functional aspects of the insular lobe in primates including humans
AUGUSTINE, J. (1996) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(96)00011-2 · Cited by 1,776
Kurth, F., Zilles, K., Fox, P. T., Laird, A. R., & Eickhoff, S. B. (2010) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-010-0255-z · Cited by 1,293
Cardiovascular effects of human insular cortex stimulation
Oppenheimer, S. M., Gelb, A., Girvin, J. P., & Hachinski, V. C. (1992) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.42.9.1727 · Cited by 1,272
A common role of insula in feelings, empathy and uncertainty
Singer, T., Critchley, H. D., & Preuschoff, K. (2009) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2009.05.001 · Cited by 1,270
A new brain region for coordinating speech articulation
Dronkers, N. F. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/384159a0 · Cited by 1,192
Thermosensory activation of insular cortex
Craig, A. D., Chen, K., Bandy, D., & Reiman, E. M. (2000) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/72131 · Cited by 1,004
Is there a core neural network in empathy? an fMRI based quantitative meta-analysis
Fan, Y., Duncan, N. W., de Greck, M., & Northoff, G. (2011) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.10.009 · Cited by 902
Chang, L. J., Yarkoni, T., Khaw, M. W., & Sanfey, A. G. (2013) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhs065 · Cited by 879
Impaired recognition and experience of disgust following brain injury
Calder, A. J., Keane, J., Manes, F., Antoun, N., & Young, A. W. (2000) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/80586 · Cited by 850
Dissociation of Neural Representation of Intensity and Affective Valuation in Human Gustation
Small, D. M., Gregory, M. D., Mak, Y. E., Gitelman, D. R., Mesulam, M. M., & Parrish, T. B. (2003) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00467-7 · Cited by 812
Three systems of insular functional connectivity identified with cluster analysis
Deen, B., Pitskel, N. B., & Pelphrey, K. A. (2011) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhq186 · Cited by 716
Levy, B. J., & Wagner, A. D. (2011) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.05958.x · Cited by 625
THE INSULA: FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON ITS FUNCTION
PENFIELD, W., & FAULK, M. E. (1955) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/78.4.445 · Cited by 606
The role of anterior insular cortex in social emotions
Lamm, C., & Singer, T. (2010) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-010-0251-3 · Cited by 566
Insula of the old world monkey. II: Afferent cortical input and comments on the claustrum
Mufson, E. J., & Mesulam, M. ‐. (1982) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902120103 · Cited by 559
Uddin, L. Q., Supekar, K. S., Ryali, S., & Menon, V. (2011) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4465-11.2011 · Cited by 520
Self-citationClinical manifestations of insular lobe seizures: a stereo-electroencephalographic study
Isnard, J., Guénot, M., Sindou, M., & Mauguière, F. (2004) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.0013-9580.2004.68903.x · Cited by 504
Meta-analytical definition and functional connectivity of the human vestibular cortex
zu Eulenburg, P., Caspers, S., Roski, C., & Eickhoff, S. B. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.12.032 · Cited by 453
Lopez, C., Blanke, O., & Mast, F. W. (2012) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.03.028 · Cited by 453
Functional Specialization and Flexibility in Human Association Cortex
Yeo, B. T. T., Krienen, F. M., Eickhoff, S. B., Yaakub, S. N., Fox, P. T., Buckner, R. L., Asplund, C. L., & Chee, M. W. L. (2014) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhu217 · Cited by 448
The insula (Island of Reil) and its role in auditory processing
Bamiou, D., Musiek, F. E., & LUXON, L. M. (2003) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(03)00172-3 · Cited by 408
Discussion: The physical basis of emotion.
James, W. (1894) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0065078 · Cited by 397
The dorsal posterior insula subserves a fundamental role in human pain
Segerdahl, A. R., Mezue, M., Okell, T. W., Farrar, J. T., & Tracey, I. (2015) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3969 · Cited by 393
The pathways of interoceptive awareness
Khalsa, S. S., Rudrauf, D., Feinstein, J. S., & Tranel, D. (2009) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2411 · Cited by 387
Awareness of the Functioning of One's Own Limbs Mediated by the Insular Cortex?
Karnath, H., Baier, B., & Nägele, T. (2005) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1590-05.2005 · Cited by 378
The physical basis of emotion.
James, W. (1994) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.101.2.205 · Cited by 370
The Corticocortical Structural Connectivity of the Human Insula
Ghaziri, J., Tucholka, A., Girard, G., Houde, J., Boucher, O., Gilbert, G., Descoteaux, M., Lippé, S., Rainville, P., & Nguyen, D. K. (2015) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhv308 · Cited by 328
Self-citationStrokes restricted to the insular cortex
Cereda, C., Ghika, J., Maeder, P., & Bogousslavsky, J. (2002) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000038905.75660.bd · Cited by 302
Taste representation in the human insula
Small, D. M. (2010) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-010-0266-9 · Cited by 300
Cerliani, L., Thomas, R. M., Jbabdi, S., Siero, J. C. W., Nanetti, L., Crippa, A., Gazzola, V., D'Arceuil, H. E., & Keysers, C. (2011) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.21338 · Cited by 299
Beyond the Tripartite Cognition–Emotion–Interoception Model of the Human Insular Cortex
Uddin, L. Q., Kinnison, J., Pessoa, L., & Anderson, M. L. (2014) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00462 · Cited by 275
Self-citationFunctional neuroanatomy of the insular lobe
Stephani, C., Fernandez-Baca Vaca, G., Maciunas, R., Koubeissi, M., & Lüders, H. O. (2011) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-010-0296-3 · Cited by 251
Kim, H. (2013) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22326 · Cited by 248
Revisiting the role of the insula in refractory partial epilepsy
Nguyen, D. K., Nguyen, D. B., Malak, R., Leroux, J., Carmant, L., Saint-Hilaire, J. M., Giard, N., Cossette, P., & Bouthillier, A. (2008) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01758.x · Cited by 232
Taste perception in patients with insular cortex lesions
Pritchard, T. C., Macaluso, D. A., & Eslinger, P. J. (1999) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.113.4.663 · Cited by 225
The Functional and Structural Neural Basis of Individual Differences in Loss Aversion
Canessa, N., Crespi, C., Motterlini, M., Baud‐Bovy, G., Chierchia, G., Pantaleo, G., Tettamanti, M., & Cappa, S. F. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0497-13.2013 · Cited by 217
Mazzola, L., Isnard, J., Peyron, R., Guénot, M., & Mauguière, F. (2009) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2009.07.014 · Cited by 217
Cloutman, L. L., Binney, R. J., Drakesmith, M., Parker, G. J. M., & Ralph, M. A. L. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.11.016 · Cited by 213
Operculo-insular pain (parasylvian pain): a distinct central pain syndrome
Garcı́a-Larrea, L., Perchet, C., Créac’h, C., Convers, P., Peyron, R., Laurent, B., Mauguı̀ere, F., & Magnin, M. (2010) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awq220 · Cited by 196
Ackermann, H., & Riecker, A. (2010) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-010-0257-x · Cited by 191
Statistical localization of human olfactory cortex
Seubert, J., Freiherr, J., Djordjevic, J., & Lundström, J. N. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.10.030 · Cited by 190
Nomi, J. S., Farrant, K., Damaraju, E., Rachakonda, S., Calhoun, V. D., & Uddin, L. Q. (2016) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23135 · Cited by 180
Self-citationCai, W., Chen, T., Ryali, S., Kochalka, J., Li, C. R., & Menon, V. (2015) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhv046 · Cited by 177
Role of the precentral gyrus of the insula in complex articulation
Baldo, J. V., Wilkins, D. P., Ogar, J., Willock, S., & Dronkers, N. F. (2011) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2010.07.001 · Cited by 175
Jensen, K. B., Regenbogen, C., Ohse, M. C., Frasnelli, J., Freiherr, J., & Lundström, J. N. (2016) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000517 · Cited by 174
Functions of the anterior insula in taste, autonomic, and related functions
Rolls, E. T. (2015) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2015.07.002 · Cited by 165
Auditory Agnosia Without Aphasia
Spreen, O., Benton, A. L., & Fincham, R. W. (1965) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1965.00470010088012 · Cited by 159
Afif, A., Minotti, L., Kahane, P., & Hoffmann, D. (2010) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2010.02755.x · Cited by 156
Harlé, K. M., Chang, L. J., Wout‐Frank, M. V. ‘., & Sanfey, A. G. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.02.027 · Cited by 139
The insular lobe and brain plasticity: Lessons from tumor surgery
Duffau, H., Taillandier, L., Gatignol, P., & Capelle, L. (2005) · Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2005.09.004 · Cited by 127
Somatovisceral motor patterns in the insula
Showers, M. J. C., & Lauer, E. W. (1961) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901170109 · Cited by 126
A voxel-based lesion study on facial emotion recognition after penetrating brain injury
Monte, O. D., Krüeger, F., Solomon, J. M., Schintu, S., Knutson, K. M., Strenziok, M., Pardini, M., Leopold, A., Raymont, V., & Grafman, J. H. (2012) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nss041 · Cited by 123
Auditory temporal processing deficits in patients with insular stroke
Bamiou, D., Musiek, F. E., Stow, I., Stevens, J., Lisa Cipolotti, A., Brown, M. M., & LUXON, L. M. (2006) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000230197.40410.db · Cited by 121
Damage to insula abolishes cognitive distortions during simulated gambling
Clark, L., Studer, B., Bruss, J., Tranel, D., & Bechara, A. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1322295111 · Cited by 117
Pugnaghi, M., Meletti, S., Castana, L., Francione, S., Nobili, L., Mai, R., & Tassi, L. (2011) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2011.03.013 · Cited by 102
Social information processing following resection of the insular cortex
Boucher, O., Rouleau, I., Lassonde, M. C., Leporé, F., Bouthillier, A., & Nguyen, D. K. (2015) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.03.008 · Cited by 102
Self-citationStructural basis of empathy and the domain general region in the anterior insular cortex
Mutschler, I., Reinbold, C., Wankerl, J., Seifritz, E., & Ball, T. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00177 · Cited by 92
Specific disgust processing in the left insula: New evidence from direct electrical stimulation
Papagno, C., Pisoni, A., Mattavelli, G. C., Casarotti, A., Comi, A., Fumagalli, F., Vernice, M., Fava, E., Riva, M., & Bello, L. (2016) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.01.036 · Cited by 84
zu Eulenburg, P., Baumgärtner, U., Treede, R.-D., & Dieterich, M. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.06.057 · Cited by 82
Taste and olfactory intensity perception changes following left insular stroke.
Mak, Y. E., Simmons, K. B., Gitelman, D. R., & Small, D. M. (2005) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.119.6.1693 · Cited by 81
A neuropsychological approach to understanding risk-taking for potential gains and losses
Levin, I. P., Xue, G., Weller, J. A., Reimann, M., Lauriola, M., & Bechara, A. (2012) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2012.00015 · Cited by 73
Insula and sensory insular cortex and somatosensory control in patients with insular stroke
Baier, B., zu Eulenburg, P., Geber, C., Rohde, F., Rolke, R., Maihöfner, C., Birklein, F., & Dieterich, M. (2014) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/j.1532-2149.2014.501.x · Cited by 59
Neural correlates of apathy revealed by lesion mapping in participants with traumatic brain injuries
Knutson, K. M., Monte, O. D., Raymont, V., Wassermann, E. M., Krüeger, F., & Grafman, J. H. (2013) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22225 · Cited by 54
Loss aversion is associated with bilateral insula volume. A voxel based morphometry study
Markett, S. A., Heeren, G., Montag, C., Weber, B., & Reuter, M. (2016) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2016.03.029 · Cited by 52
Hyperacusis following unilateral damage to the insular cortex: A three-case report
Boucher, O., Turgeon, C., Champoux, S., Ménard, L., Rouleau, I., Lassonde, M. C., Leporé, F., & Nguyen, D. K. (2015) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2015.02.030 · Cited by 50
Self-citationImpaired emotional processing in a patient with a left posterior insula-SII lesion
Borg, C., Bedoin, N., Peyron, R., Bogey, S., Laurent, B., & Thomas-Antérion, C. (2013) · Neurocase · doi:10.1080/13554794.2012.713491 · Cited by 48
Ictal bradycardia and asystole in an adult with a focal left insular lesion
Tayah, T. F., Savard, M., Desbiens, R., & Nguyen, D. K. (2013) · Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2013.04.011 · Cited by 43
Siebenthal, Z. V., Boucher, O., Rouleau, I., Lassonde, M. C., Leporé, F., & Nguyen, D. K. (2016) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsw152 · Cited by 43
Self-citationInjured brain regions associated with anxiety in Vietnam veterans
Knutson, K. M., Rakowsky, S. T., Solomon, J. M., Krüeger, F., Raymont, V., Tierney, M. C., Wassermann, E. M., & Grafman, J. H. (2013) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.01.003 · Cited by 41
Insular Strokes Cause No Vestibular Deficits
Baier, B., Conrad, J., zu Eulenburg, P., Best, C., Müller‐Forell, W., Birklein, F., & Dieterich, M. (2013) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.113.001816 · Cited by 40
Insular stroke causing unilateral auditory processing disorder: case report.
Fifer, R. C. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 40
Lesions to the posterior insular cortex cause dysarthria
Baier, B., zu Eulenburg, P., Glassl, O., & Dieterich, M. (2011) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2011.03473.x · Cited by 26
Vertigo and imbalance caused by a small lesion in the anterior insula.
Papathanasiou, E. S., Papacostas, S., Charalambous, M., Eracleous, E., Thodi, C., & Pantzaris, M. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 18
Perception of odor-induced tastes following insular cortex lesion
Stevenson, R. J., Miller, L. A., & McGrillen, K. (2013) · Neurocase · doi:10.1080/13554794.2013.860175 · Cited by 14
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Chen, W. G., Schloesser, D., Arensdorf, A. M., Simmons, J. M., Cui, C., Valentino, R., Gnadt, J. W., Nielsen, L., Hillaire-Clarke, C. S., Spruance, V., et al. (2021) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2020.10.007 · Cited by 707
The role of the salience network in cognitive and affective deficits
Schimmelpfennig, J., Topczewski, J., Zajkowski, W. K., & Jankowiak-Siuda, K. (2023) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2023.1133367 · Cited by 379
Anterior insula as a gatekeeper of executive control
Molnar-Szakacs, I., & Uddin, L. Q. (2022) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104736 · Cited by 333
Self-citationQin, Y., Wu, J., Chen, T., Li, J., Zhang, G., Wu, D., Zhou, Y., Zheng, N., Cai, A., Ning, Q., et al. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci147329 · Cited by 235
The current place of epilepsy surgery
Engel, J. (2017) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/wco.0000000000000528 · Cited by 226
Metadata
- Authors
- Uddin, L. Q., Nomi, J. S., Hébert-Seropian, B., Ghaziri, J., & Boucher, O.
- Affiliations
- University of Miami (US)
- Université de Montréal (CA)
- Université du Québec à Montréal (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Uddin, Lucina Q.
- Nomi, Jason S.
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology
- Published
- 2017-07
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 300-306
- ISSN
- 0736-0258 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6032992
- OpenAlex
- W2732740969
- Cited by
- 1,262
- References
- 85
- Citations by year
- 2026: 113 · 2025: 212 · 2024: 226 · 2023: 193 · 2022: 178 · 2021: 175 · 2020: 98 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 4.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH107549)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Music Perception
- Keywords
- insula, Sylvian fissure, cytoarchitecture, functional heterogeneity, sensory processing, emotional processing, cognition, neuroimaging
- MeSH terms
- Cerebral Cortex, Humans
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
