Adolescence and “Late Blooming” Synapses of the Prefrontal Cortex
Open accessAbstract
The maturation of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during adolescence is thought to be important for cognitive and affective development and mental health risk. Whereas many summaries of adolescent development have focused on dendritic spine pruning and gray matter thinning in the PFC during adolescence, we highlight recent rodent data from our laboratory and others to call attention to continued synapse formation and plasticity in the adolescent period in specific cell types and circuits. In particular, we highlight changes in inhibitory neurotransmission onto intratelencephalic (IT-type) projecting cortical neurons and late expansion of connectivity between the amygdala and PFC and the ventral tegmental area and PFC. Continued work on these "late blooming" synapses in specific cell types and circuits, and their interrelationships, will illuminate new opportunities for understanding and shaping the biology of adolescent development. We also address which aspects of adolescent PFC development are dependent on pubertal processes.
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Gonadal hormones shape brain structure, function, and gene expression networks that could influence stress responses.
“Although the cause of these differences is unknown, other studies show that gonadal hormones shape brain structure (23–26), function (27), and gene expression networks (28) that could influence stress responses.”
From Sexual differentiation of neural mechanisms of stress sensitivity during puberty (2023) · cites this paper as [27]
Steroid hormones alter brain development during puberty.
“Steroid hormones alter brain development during puberty (23, 25, 27)”
From Sexual differentiation of neural mechanisms of stress sensitivity during puberty (2023) · cites this paper as [27]
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- Authors
- Delevich, K., Thomas, A. W., & Wilbrecht, L.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Venue
- Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology
- Publisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- Published
- 2018
- Volume
- 83
- Pages
- 37-43
- ISSN
- 0091-7451 (ISSN-L)
- 1943-4456
- OpenAlex
- W2912897320
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 1
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Keywords
- prefrontal cortex maturation, adolescence, synaptogenesis, synaptic plasticity, intratelencephalic neurons, inhibitory neurotransmission, rodent models
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