Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 1,162

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 16 of the 16 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Risk of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in older people with subjective memory complaints: meta-analysis

Open access
Mitchell, A. J., Beaumont, H., Ferguson, D., Yadegarfar, M., Stubbs, B.·2014·Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
DOI 10.1111/acps.12336
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether people with subjective memory complaints (SMC) but no objective deficits are at increased risk of developing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. METHOD: Major electronic databases were searched till 03/2014, and a meta-analysis was conducted using inception cohort studies. RESULTS: Across 28 studies, there were 29,723 unique individuals (14,714 with SMC and 15,009 without SMC) (mean 71.6 years) followed on average for 4.8 years through to dementia. The annual conversion rate (ACR) of SMC to dementia was 2.33% (95% CI = 1.93%-2.78%) a relative risk (RR) of 2.07 (95% CI = 1.76-2.44) compared with those without SMC (n = 15,009). From 11 studies the ACR of developing MCI was 6.67% (95% CI = 4.70-8.95%). In long-term studies over 4 years, 14.1% (9.67-19.1%) of people with SMC developed dementia and 26.6% (95% CI = 5.3-39.7) went on to develop MCI. The ACR from SMC to dementia and MCI were comparable in community and non-community settings. CONCLUSION: Older people with SMC but no objective complaints are twice as likely to develop dementia as individuals without SMC. Approximately 2.3% and 6.6% of older people with SMC will progress to dementia and MCI per year.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/acps.12336

Cites

16 of 16 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 16 references

Research works printed but not linked: 74

  1. Abdulrab, 2008, Subjective Memory Impairment. A review of its definitions indicates the need for a comprehensive set of standardised and validated criteria, Eur Psychiatry, 5, 321, 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.02.004 · DOI
  2. Galvin, 2007, Patient's rating of cognitive ability - Using the AD8, a brief informant interview, as a self-rating tool to detect dementia, Arch Neurol, 5, 725, 10.1001/archneur.64.5.725 · DOI · Paper page
  3. Holmen, 2013, Gender differences in subjective memory impairment in a general population: the HUNT study, Norway, BMC Psychol, 1, 19, 10.1186/2050-7283-1-19 · DOI
  4. Cooper, 2011, The meaning of reporting forgetfulness: a cross-sectional study of adults in the English 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey, Age Ageing, 6, 711, 10.1093/ageing/afr121 · DOI
  5. Mitchell, 2008, The clinical significance of subjective memory complaints in the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and dementia: a meta-analysis, Int J Ger Psychiatry, 11, 1191, 10.1002/gps.2053 · DOI
  6. Mol, 2007, The effect of perceived forgetfulness on quality of life in older adults; a qualitative review, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 5, 393, 10.1002/gps.1686 · DOI
  7. Ito, 2013, Association between subjective memory complaints and mental health well-being in urban community-dwelling elderly in Japan, Geriatr Gerontol Int, 1, 234, 10.1111/j.1447-0594.2012.00883.x · DOI
  8. Waldofff, 2009, Association between subjective memory complaints and nursing home placement: a four-year follow-up, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 24, 602, 10.1002/gps.2163 · DOI
  9. Ayalon, 2008, Subjective cognitive functioning as a predictor of all cause mortality in an Israeli national sample of community dwelling older adults, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 23, 830, 10.1002/gps.1991 · DOI
  10. Waldorff, 2009, Association between subjective memory complaints and health care utilisation: a three-year follow up, BMC Geriatr, 9, 43, 10.1186/1471-2318-9-43 · DOI
  11. De Groot, 2001, Cerebral white matter lesions and subjective cognitive dysfunction - The Rotterdam Scan Study, Neurology, 56, 11, 10.1212/WNL.56.11.1539 · DOI · Paper page
  12. Ponds, 1997, Prevalence and covariates of subjective forgetfulness in a normal population in the Netherlands, Int J Aging Hum Dev, 45, 207, 10.2190/MVQ1-WB58-875H-Y4X0 · DOI
  13. Jorm, 2004, Memory complaints in a community sample aged 60-64 years: associations with cognitive functioning, psychiatric symptoms, medical conditions, APOE genotype, hippocampus and amygdala volumes, and white-matter hyperintensities, Psychol Med, 34, 1495, 10.1017/S0033291704003162 · DOI
  14. Mol, 2008, A study into the psychosocial determinants of perceived forgetfulness: implications for future interventions, Aging Ment Health, 12, 167, 10.1080/13607860801972503 · DOI
  15. Singh-Manoux, 2014, Subjective cognitive complaints and mortality: does the type of complaint matter?, J Psychiatr Res, 48, 73, 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.10.005 · DOI
  16. Cargin, 2008, The nature of cognitive complaints in healthy older adults with and without objective memory decline, J Clin Exp Neuropsychol, 30, 245, 10.1080/13803390701377829 · DOI
  17. Miranda, 2008, Self-perceived memory impairment and cognitive performance in an elderly independent population with age-related white matter changes, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 79, 869, 10.1136/jnnp.2007.131078 · DOI
  18. Riedel-Heller, 2000, Do memory complaints indicate cognitive impairment? - A review, Z Gerontol Geriatr, 33, 9, 10.1007/s003910050002 · DOI
  19. Reid, 2006, Subjective memory complaints and cognitive impairment in older people, Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord, 22, 471, 10.1159/000096295 · DOI · Paper page
  20. Archer, 2006, Do symptoms of memory impairment correspond to cognitive impairment: a cross sectional study of a clinical cohort, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 21, 1206, 10.1002/gps.1644 · DOI
  21. Purser, 2006, Memory complaint is not necessary for diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and does not predict 10-year trajectories of functional disability, word recall, or short portable mental status questionnaire limitations, J Am Geriatr Soc, 54, 335, 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.00589.x · DOI
  22. Taylor, 1992, Correlates of memory decline: a 4 year longitudinal study of older adults with memory complaints, Psychol Aging, 7, 185, 10.1037/0882-7974.7.2.185 · DOI
  23. Riedel-Heller, 1999, Do memory complaints indicate the presence of cognitive impairment? Results of a field study, Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 249, 197, 10.1007/s004060050087 · DOI
  24. Bolla, 1991, Memory complaints in older adults. Fact or fiction?, Arch Neurol, 48, 61, 10.1001/archneur.1991.00530130069022 · DOI · Paper page
  25. Kim, 2003, Subjective memory impairment, cognitive function and depression-a community study in older Koreans, Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord, 15, 218, 10.1159/000068783 · DOI
  26. Flicker, 1993, A longitudinal study of cognitive function in elderly persons with subjective memory complaints, J Am Geriatr Soc, 41, 1029, 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1993.tb06448.x · DOI
  27. Reisberg, 1986, Longitudinal course of normal aging and progressive dementia of the Alzheimer's type: a prospective study of 106 subjects over a 3.6 year mean interval, Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, 10, 571, 10.1016/0278-5846(86)90026-6 · DOI
  28. O'Brien, 1992, Do subjective memory complaints precede dementia? A three-year follow-up of patients with supposed ‘benign senescent forgetfulness’, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 7, 481, 10.1002/gps.930070705 · DOI
  29. Tobiansky, 1995, The Gospel Oak Study stage IV the clinical relevance of subjective memory impairment in older people, Psychol Med, 14, 668
  30. Schmand, 1996, Subjective memory complaints may announce dementia, Neurology, 46, 121, 10.1212/WNL.46.1.121 · DOI · Paper page
  31. Jorm, 1997, Do cognitive complaints either predict future cognitive decline or past cognitive decline a longitudinal study of an elderly community sample, Psychol Med, 27, 91, 10.1017/S0033291796003923 · DOI
  32. Schofield, 1997, Association of subjective memory complaints with subsequent cognitive decline in community dwelling elderly individuals with baseline cognitive impairment, Am J Psychiat, 154, 609, 10.1176/ajp.154.5.609 · DOI
  33. Geerlings, 1999, Association between memory complaints and incident Alzheimer|s disease in elderly people with= normal baseline cognition, Am J Psychiat, 156, 531, 10.1176/ajp.156.4.531 · DOI · Paper page
  34. John, 2002, Are cognitively intact seniors with subjective memory loss more likely to develop dementia?, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 17, 814, 10.1002/gps.559 · DOI
  35. Wang, 2004, Subjective memory deterioration and future dementia in people aged 65 and older, J Am Geriatr Soc, 52, 2045, 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52568.x · DOI
  36. Gironell, 2005, Usefulness of P300 in subjective memory complaints: a prospective study, J Clin Neurophysiol, 22, 279, 10.1097/01.WNP.0000173559.60113.AB · DOI
  37. Kim, 2006, A prospective study of changes in subjective memory complaints and onset of dementia in South Korea, Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 14, 949, 10.1097/01.JGP.0000214857.66638.ed · DOI
  38. Mol, 2006, Do subjective memory complaints predict cognitive dysfunction over time? A six-year follow-up of the Maastricht Aging Study, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 21, 432, 10.1002/gps.1487 · DOI
  39. Prichep, 2006, Prediction of longitudinal cognitive decline in normal elderly using electrophysiological imaging, Neurobiol Aging, 27, 471, 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2005.07.021 · DOI · Paper page
  40. Glodzik-Sobanska, 2007, Subjective memory complaints: presence, severity and future outcome in normal older subjects, Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord, 24, 177, 10.1159/000105604 · DOI
  41. Rountree, 2007, Importance of subtle amnestic and nonamnestic deficits in mild cognitive impairment: prognosis and conversion to dementia, Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord, 2007, 476, 10.1159/000110800 · DOI
  42. Diniz, 2009, Diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment revisited after one year. Preliminary results of a prospective study, Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord, 27, 224, 10.1159/000203346 · DOI
  43. Visser, 2009, Prevalence and prognostic value of CSF markers of Alzheimer's disease pathology in patients with subjective cognitive impairment and mild cognitive impairment in the DESCRIPA study: a prospective, case-control study, Lancet, 8, 619, 10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70139-5 · DOI · Paper page
  44. Nunes, 2010, The outcome of elderly patients with cognitive complaints but normal neuropsychological tests, J Alzheimers Dis, 19, 137, 10.3233/JAD-2010-1210 · DOI
  45. Jessen, 2010, German study on aging, Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67, 414, 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.30 · DOI · Paper page
  46. Gallassi, 2010, Are subjective cognitive complaints a risk factor for dementia?, Neurol Sci, 31, 327, 10.1007/s10072-010-0224-6 · DOI
  47. Jessen, 2011, AgeCoDe Study Group. Prediction of dementia in primary care patients, PLoS ONE, 6, e16852, 10.1371/journal.pone.0016852 · DOI
  48. Pérès, 2011, Gender differences in the prodromal signs of dementia: memory complaint and IADL-restriction. a prospective population-based cohort, J Alzheimers Dis, 27, 39, 10.3233/JAD-2011-110428 · DOI
  49. Waldorff, 2012, Subjective memory complaints in general practice predicts future dementia: a 4-year follow-up study, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 27, 1180, 10.1002/gps.3765 · DOI
  50. Chary, 2013, Short- versus long-term prediction of dementia among subjects with low and high educational levels, Alzheimer's & Dementia, 9, 562, 10.1016/j.jalz.2012.05.2188 · DOI
  51. Elfgren, 2010, Subjective memory complaints, neuropsychological performance and psychiatric variables in memory clinic attendees: a 3-year follow-up study, Arch Gerontol Geriatr, 51, e110, 10.1016/j.archger.2010.02.009 · DOI
  52. Johansson, 1997, Self reports on memory functioning in a longitudinal study of the oldest old: relation to current, prospective, and retrospective performance, J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci, 52, 139, 10.1093/geronb/52B.3.P139 · DOI
  53. Luck, 2010, AgeCoDe Study Group. Risk factors for incident mild cognitive impairment-results from the German Study on Ageing, Cognition and Dementia in Primary Care Patients (AgeCoDe), Acta Psychiatr Scand, 121, 260, 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2009.01481.x · DOI
  54. Luck, 2010, Mild cognitive impairment: incidence and risk factors: results of the leipzig longitudinal study of the aged, J Am Geriatr Soc, 58, 1903, 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03066.x · DOI
  55. Petersen, 2004, Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity, J Intern Med, 256, 183, 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2004.01388.x · DOI · Paper page
  56. Minett, 2005, Subjective memory complaints, white-matter lesions, depressive symptoms, and cognition in elderly patients, Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 13, 665, 10.1097/00019442-200508000-00005 · DOI
  57. Van Norden, 2008, Subjective cognitive failures and hippocampal volume in elderly with white matter lesions, Neurology, 71, 1152, 10.1212/01.wnl.0000327564.44819.49 · DOI
  58. Stewart, 2008, Neuroimaging correlates of subjective memory deficits in a community population, Neurology, 70, 1601, 10.1212/01.wnl.0000310982.99438.54 · DOI
  59. Mosconi, 2008, Hypometabolism and altered cerebrospinal fluid markers in normal apolipoprotein E E4 carriers with subjective memory complaints, Biol Psychiatry, 63, 609, 10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.05.030 · DOI · Paper page
  60. Jessen, 2006, Volume reduction of the entorhinal cortex in subjective memory impairment, Neurobiol Aging, 27, 1751, 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2005.10.010 · DOI · Paper page
  61. Striepens, 2010, Volume loss of the medial temporal lobe structures in subjective memory impairment, Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord, 29, 75, 10.1159/000264630 · DOI
  62. Amariglio, 2012, Subjective cognitive complaints and amyloid burden in cognitively normal older individuals, Neuropsychologia, 50, 2880, 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.08.011 · DOI · Paper page
  63. Stewart, 2011, Longitudinal neuroimaging correlates of subjective memory impairment: 4-year prospective community study, Br J Psychiatry, 198, 199, 10.1192/bjp.bp.110.078683 · DOI
  64. Lopez, 1994, Awareness of cognitive deficits and anosognosia in probable Alzheimer's disease, Eur Neurol, 34, 277, 10.1159/000117056 · DOI
  65. Aalten, 2006, Awareness and behavioral problems in dementia patients: a prospective study, Int Psychogeriatr, 18, 3, 10.1017/S1041610205002772 · DOI
  66. Sevush, 1999, Relationship between denial of memory deficit and dementia severity in Alzheimer disease neuropsychiatry neuropsychology and behavioral, Neurology, 12, 88
  67. Kazui, 2006, Symptoms underlying unawareness of memory impairment in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease, J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, 19, 3, 10.1177/0891988705277543 · DOI
  68. Vogel, 2005, Cognitive and functional neuroimaging correlates for anosognosia in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's disease, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 20, 238, 10.1002/gps.1272 · DOI
  69. Hanyu, 2007, Are subjective memory complaints mandatory for the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment?, Intern Med, 46, 791, 10.2169/internalmedicine.46.6241 · DOI
  70. Portet, 2006, Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in medical practice: a critical review of the concept and new diagnostic procedure. Report of the MCI Working Group of the European Consortium on Alzheimer's Disease, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 77, 714, 10.1136/jnnp.2005.085332 · DOI · Paper page
  71. Mitchell, 2008, Is it time to separate subjective cognitive complaints from the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment, Age Ageing, 37, 497, 10.1093/ageing/afn147 · DOI
  72. Benito-León, 2010, A population-based study of cognitive function in older people with subjective memory complaints, J Alzheimers Dis, 22, 159, 10.3233/JAD-2010-100972 · DOI
  73. Ginó, 2010, Memory complaints are frequent but qualitatively different in young and elderly healthy people, Gerontology, 56, 272, 10.1159/000240048 · DOI
  74. Valentijn, 2005, The effect of two types of memory training on subjective and objective memory performance in healthy individuals aged 55 years and older: a randomized controlled trial, Patient Educ Couns, 57, 106, 10.1016/j.pec.2004.05.002 · DOI

Cited by

Metadata

Authors
Mitchell, A. J., Beaumont, H., Ferguson, D., Yadegarfar, M., & Stubbs, B.
Venue
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2014-09-13
Volume
130
Issue
6
Pages
439-451
ISSN
0001-690X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1111/acps.12336
OpenAlex
W2040791183
Cited by
1,162
References
16
FWCI
30.09
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green
Licence
doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1 (tdm, 353 d)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.