Stratification of astrocytes in healthy and diseased brain

Verkhratsky, Alexei; Zorec, Robert; Parpura, Vladimir

doi:10.1111/bpa.12537

Cited by 236Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchGlioma Diagnosis and Treatment

Stratification of astrocytes in healthy and diseased brain

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Verkhratsky, Alexei, Zorec, Robert, Parpura, Vladimir·2017·Brain Pathology

DOI 10.1111/bpa.12537PMC PMC5599174

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Abstract

Astrocytes, a subtype of glial cells, come in variety of forms and functions. However, overarching role of these cell is in the homeostasis of the brain, be that regulation of ions, neurotransmitters, metabolism or neuronal synaptic networks. Loss of homeostasis represents the underlying cause of all brain disorders. Thus, astrocytes are likely involved in most if not all of the brain pathologies. We tabulate astroglial homeostatic functions along with pathological condition that arise from dysfunction of these glial cells. Classification of astrocytes is presented with the emphasis on evolutionary trails, morphological appearance and numerical preponderance. We note that, even though astrocytes from a variety of mammalian species share some common features, human astrocytes appear to be the largest and most complex of all astrocytes studied thus far. It is then an imperative to develop humanized models to study the role of astrocytes in brain pathologies, which is perhaps most abundantly clear in the case of glioblastoma multiforme.

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Astrocytes can exhibit cell-autonomous disturbances, as in astrocytopathies caused by mutated astrocytic genes such as GFAP in Alexander disease, direct viral infections, or toxic substances that specifically damage astrocytes such as ammonium in hepatic encephalopathy.
“Astrocytes may also exhibit cell-autonomous disturbances8, as happens in astrocytopathies resulting from mutated alleles of astrocytic genes (for example, GFAP in Alexander disease)9, as well as from direct viral infections or exposure to toxic substances that specifically damage astrocytes (for example, ammonium in hepatic encephalopathy)10.”
From Reactive astrocyte nomenclature, definitions, and future directions (2021) · cites this paper as [8]

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Authors: Verkhratsky, A., Zorec, R., & Parpura, V.
Affiliations: Ikerbasque (ES)
University of Ljubljana (SI)
Civitan International (US)
ORCID: Verkhratsky, Alexei
Zorec, Robert
Parpura, Vladimir
Venue: Brain Pathology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2017-08-13
Volume: 27
Issue: 5
Pages: 629-644
ISSN: 1015-6305 (ISSN-L)
1750-3639
DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12537
PMC: PMC5599174
OpenAlex: W2621558595
Cited by: 236
References: 283
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 1
FWCI: 11.17
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Brain Pathology (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (HD078678)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment
Keywords: astrocytes, astrocyte morphology, glioblastoma, brain disorders, glial dysfunction
MeSH terms: Animals, Astrocytes, Brain, Brain Diseases, Homeostasis, Humans, Neurons

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Stratification of astrocytes in healthy and diseased brain

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