Innate immune responses in the ageing lung.
Open accessAbstract
The world is undergoing an unprecedented shift in demographics, with the number of individuals over the age of 60 years projected to reach 2 billion or more by 2050, representing 22% of the global population. Elderly people are at a higher risk for chronic disease and more susceptible to infection, due in part to age-related dysfunction of the immune system resulting from low-grade chronic inflammation known as 'inflamm-ageing'. The innate immune system of older individuals exhibits a diminished ability to respond to microbial threats and clear infections, resulting in a greater occurrence of many infectious diseases in elderly people. In particular, the incidence of and mortality from lung infections increase sharply with age, with such infections often leading to worse outcomes, prolonged hospital stays and life-threatening complications, such as sepsis or acute respiratory distress syndrome. In this review, we highlight research on bacterial pneumonias and pulmonary viral infections and discuss age-related changes in innate immunity that contribute to the higher rate of these infections in older populations. By understanding more clearly the innate immune defects in elderly individuals, we can design age-specific therapies to address lung infections in such a vulnerable population.
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In the elderly, apart from increased risk of severe disease, recovery could also be slower and poor, increasing the possibility of recrudescence or aggravation as time passes.
“Apart from the increased risk of severe disease, recovery could also be slower and poor, thus increasing the possibility of recrudescence or aggravation as time passes (Boe et al., 2017).”
From Oral Microbiome and SARS-CoV-2: Beware of Lung Co-infection (2020) · cites this paper as Boe et al., 2017
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- Authors
- Boe, D. M., Boule, L. A., & Kovacs, E. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Anschutz (US)
- Division of GI, Endocrine and Tumor Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Corresponding author
- Kovacs, E J
- ORCID
- Venue
- Clinical and Experimental Immunology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2016-11-02
- Volume
- 187
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 16-25
- ISSN
- 0009-9104 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2249
- PMC
- PMC5167032
- OpenAlex
- W2548930368
- Cited by
- 156
- References
- 134
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 0.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- Clinical & Experimental Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (NIH-R01)
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG018859)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Keywords
- innate immunity, aging, pulmonary infection, bacterial pneumonia, age-related immune dysfunction, older adults, sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Aged, Aging, Animals, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Lung, Lung Diseases, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Incidence, Pneumonia, Bacterial
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