The sick euthyroid syndrome: changes in thyroid hormone serum parameters and hormone metabolism

Docter, R.; Krenning, E. P.; de Jong, M.; Hennemann, G.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1993.tb02401.x

Cited by 345Thyroid Disorders and TreatmentsThyroid Cancer Diagnosis and TreatmentThyroid and Parathyroid Surgery

The sick euthyroid syndrome: changes in thyroid hormone serum parameters and hormone metabolism

Docter, R., Krenning, E. P., de Jong, M., Hennemann, G.·1993·Clinical Endocrinology

DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1993.tb02401.x

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While serum T3 levels may decline by 30% and remain within the normal range, tissue T3 may decline by 70-80%, resulting in profound cellular hypothyroidism with normal serum TSH, FT4, and FT3 levels.
“While serum T3 levels may decline by 30%, which is significant, but still within the so-called “normal range”, tissue T3 may decline by 70–80%, resulting in profound cellular hypothyroidism with normal serum TSH, FT4, and FT3 levels”
From Diagnosis and management of treatment-refractory hypothyroidism: an expert consensus report (2017) · cites this paper as [31]
TSH may be a poor indicator of peripheral thyroid levels in conditions such as chronic stress, chronic illness, diabetes, insulin resistance, obesity, leptin resistance, depression, chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, premenstrual syndrome, and dieting or weight gain.
“As a result, TSH may be a poor indicator of peripheral thyroid levels in the presence of such conditions.”
From Diagnosis and management of treatment-refractory hypothyroidism: an expert consensus report (2017) · cites this paper as [31]

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EFFECT OF SINGLE DOSE DEXAMETHASONE ON THE CONCENTRATION OF SERUM TRIIODOTHYRONINE IN MAN
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Inhibition of thyroxine transport into cultured rat hepatocytes by serum of nonuremic critically ill patients: effects of bilirubin and nonesterified fatty acids
Lim, C. F., Docter, R., Visser, T. J., Krenning, E. P., Bernard, B. F., van Toor, H., de Jong, M., & HENNEMANN, G. (1993) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.76.5.8496307 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
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Serum Free Thyroxine in Thyroidal and Nonthyroidal Illnesses: A Comparison of Measurements by Radioimmunoassay, Equilibrium Dialysis, and Free Thyroxine Index*
CHOPRA, I. J., Herle, A. J. V., TECO, G. N. C., & NGUYEN, A. H. (1980) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-51-1-135 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Mitochondrial and cytosolic ATP/ADP ratios in rat liver in vivo
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The effect of T3 and reverse T3 administration on muscle protein catabolism during fasting as measured by 3-methylhistidine excretion
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Qualitative and quantitative differences in the pathways of extrathyroidal triiodothyronine generation between euthyroid and hypothyroid rats.
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The Effects of Amiodarone on Serum Thyroid Hormones and Hepatic Thyroxine 5′-Monodeiodination in Rats*
Sogol, P. B., Hershman, J. M., REED, A. W., & DILLMANN, W. H. (1983) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-113-4-1464 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
A furan fatty acid and indoxyl sulfate are the putative inhibitors of thyroxine hepatocyte transport in uremia
Lim, C. F., Bernard, B. F., de Jong, M., Docter, R., Krenning, E. P., & HENNEMANN, G. (1993) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.76.2.8432774 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
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Regulation of the Conversion of Thyroxine to Triiodothyronine in the Perfused Rat Liver
Jennings, A. S., Ferguson, D. C., & Utiger, R. D. (1979) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci109623 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
The Role of Sulfhydryl Groups on the Impaired Hepatic 3′,3,5-Triiodothyronine Generation from Thyroxine in the Hypothyroid, Starved, Fetal, and Neonatal Rodent
Harris, A. R. C., Fang, S.-L., Hinerfeld, L., Braverman, L. E., & Vagenakis, A. G. (1979) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci109330 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Mechanism of the Heparin-Induced Increase in the Concentration of Free Thyroxine in Plasma*
Mendel, C. M., Frost, P. H., Kunitake, S. T., & Cavalieri, R. R. (1987) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-65-6-1259 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Observations on the factors that control the generation of triiodothyronine from thyroxine in rat liver and the nature of the defect induced by fasting.
Balsam, A., & Ingbar, S. H. (1979) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci109408 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Reduced Plasma Thyrotropin Response to Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone After Dexamethasone Administration in Normal Subjects
Faglia, G., Ferrari, C. I., Beck‐Peccoz, P., Spada, A., TRAVAGLINI, P., & Ambrosi, B. (1973) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/s-0028-1093930 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Decreased transport of thyroxine (T4), 3,3′‐5‐triiodothyronine (T3) and 3,3′,5′‐triiodothyronine (rT3) into rat hepatocytes in primary culture due to a decrease of cellular ATP content and various drugs
Krenning, E. P., Docter, R., Bernard, B. F., Visser, T. J., & HENNEMANN, G. (1982) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(82)80900-9 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
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Effect of fasting and acute ethanol administration on the energy state of in vivo liver as measured by 31P-NMR spectroscopy
CUNNINGHAM, C. C., Malloy, C. R., & Radda, G. K. (1986) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research · doi:10.1016/0167-4889(86)90033-9 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Estimation of Rapidly Exchangeable Cellular Thyroxine from the Plasma Disappearance Curves of Simultaneously Administered Thyroxine-131I and Albumin-125I*
Oppenheimer, J. H., Bernstein, G. S., & Hasen, J. (1967) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci105577 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Relationship between Serum Free Fatty Acids and Thyroid Hormone Binding Inhibitor in Nonthyroid Illnesses*
CHOPRA, I. J., TECO, G. N. C., Mead, J. F., Huang, T., Beredo, A., & Solomon, D. H. (1985) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-60-5-980 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Effect of Free Fatty Acids on the Concentration of Free Thyroxine in Human Serum: The Role of Albumin*
Mendel, C. M., Frost, P. H., & Cavalieri, R. R. (1986) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-63-6-1394 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
PLASMA THYROXINE, 3,3′,5-TRIIODOTHYRONINE AND 3,3′,5′-TRIIODOTHYRONINE DURING 3-ADRENERGIC BLOCKADE IN. HYPERTHYROIDISM
Verhoeven, R. P., Visser, T. J., Docter, R., HENNEMANN, G., & Schalekamp, M. A. D. H. (1977) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-44-5-1002 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
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Clinical Utility and Cost-Effectiveness of Sensitive Thyrotropin Assays in Ambulatory and Hospitalized Patients
Spencer, C. A. (1988) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/s0025-6196(12)65408-1 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Sulfation Preceding Deiodination of Iodothyronines in Rat Hepatocytes
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The effects of drugs on tests of thyroid function
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The renal response to respiratory alkalosis.
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LIMITATIONS OF A NEW FREE THYROXINE ASSAY (AMERLEX® FREE T4)
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Free Fatty Acids: A Possible Regulator of Free Thyroid Hormone Levels in Man1
Hollander, C. S., Scott, R. L., BURGESS, J. A., Rabinowitz, D. L., Merimee, T. J., & Oppenheimer, J. H. (1967) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-27-8-1219 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Thyroid test abnormalities in traumatic brain Injury: Correlation with neurologic impairment and sympathetic nervous system activation
Woolf, P. D., Lee, L. A., Hamill, R. W., & McDonald, J. V. (1988) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(88)90414-7 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Effects of Prolonged Dopamine Infusion on Anterior Pituitary Function in Normal Males*
Kaptein, E. M., Kletzky, O. A., Spencer, C. A., & Nicoloff, J. T. (1980) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-51-3-488 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Subcellular Alterations Causing Reduced Hepatic Thyroxine-5'-Monodeiodinase Activity in Fasted Rats*
Kaplan, M. M. (1979) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-104-1-58 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Serum Reverse Triiodothyronine and Thyroxine Kinetics in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure*
Kaptein, E. M., Feinstein, E. I., Nicoloff, J. T., & Massry, S. G. (1983) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-57-1-181 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Measurement of Thyrotropin in Clinical and Subclinical Hyperthyroidism Using a New Chemiluminescent Assay*
ROSS, D. S., ARDISSON, L. J., & MESKELL, M. J. (1989) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-69-3-684 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Influence of Heparin on Serum Free Thyroxine1
Schatz, D. L., Sheppard, R. H., Steiner, G. A., CHANDARLAPATY, C. S., & deVeber, G. A. (1969) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-29-8-1015 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Improved dialysis method for free thyroxin in serum compared with five commercial radioimmunoassays in nonthyroidal illness and subjects with abnormal concentrations of thyroxin-binding globulin.
Helenius, T., & Liewendahl, K. (1983) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/29.5.816 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Normal Free Thyroxine in Critical Nonthyroidal Illnesses Measured by Ultrafiltration of Undiluted Serum and Equilibrium Dialysis*
Surks, M. I., Hupart, K. H., Pan, C., & Shapiro, L. E. (1988) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-67-5-1031 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Are Selective Increases in Serum Thyroxine (T4)due to Iodinated Inhibitors of T4Monodeiodination Indicative of Hyperthyroidism?*
Lambert, M. J., Burger, A., Galeazzi, R. L., & Engler, D. (1982) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-55-6-1058 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Thyroid Disease and High Concentration of Serum Thyrotrophin in a Population Sample of Women
Nyström, E., Bengtsson, C., Lindquist, O., Noppa, H., Lindstedt, G., & Lundberg, P. (1981) · Acta Medica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1981.tb09773.x · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Kinetic Studies of Thyroxine, 3,5,3′-Triiodothyronine, 3,3′,5′-Triiodothyronine, 3′,5′-Diiodothyronine, 3,3′-Diiodothyronine, and 3′-Monoiodothyronine in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis*
Faber, J. O., THOMSEN, H. F., Lumholtz, I. B., KIRKEGAARD, C., Siersbæk‐Nielsen, K., & Friis, T. (1981) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-53-5-978 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
A Competitive Ligand Binding Assay for Measurement of Thyroid Hormone-Binding Inhibitor in Serum and Tissues*
CHOPRA, I. J., Huang, T., HURD, R. E., Beredo, A., & Solomon, D. H. (1984) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-58-4-619 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
DIAGNOSIS OF HYPERTHYROIDISM WHEN SERUM-THYROXINE ALONE IS RAISED
Birkhäuser, M., Busset, R., Buerer, T., & Burger, A. (1977) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(77)90061-7 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Fate and biological action of human recombinant interleukin 1β in the rat in vivo
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Drug and Fatty Acid Effects On Serum Thyroid Hormone Binding*
Lim, C., Bai, Y., Topliss, D. J., Barlow, J., & Stockigt, J. R. (1988) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-67-4-682 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Alterations in monodeiodination of iodothyronines in the fasting rat: Effects of reduced nonprotein sulfhydryl groups and hypothyroidism
CHOPRA, I. J. (1980) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(80)90141-9 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
The Effect of Iopanoic Acid on the Regulation of Thyrotropin Secretion in Euthyroid Subjects*
Kleinmann, R. E., Vagenakis, A. G., & Braverman, L. E. (1980) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-51-2-399 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Catabolic effects of thyroid hormone excess: The contribution of adrenergic activity to hypermetabolism and protein breakdown
Gelfand, R., Hutchinson-Williams, K. A., Bonde, A. A., Castellino, P., & Sherwin, R. S. (1987) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(87)90168-5 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Effect of thyroid hormone on metabolic adaptation to fasting
Carter, W. J., Shakir, K. M. M., Hodges, S. K., Faas, F. H., & Wynn, J. O. (1975) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(75)90154-7 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
An Inhibitor of the Binding of Thyroid Hormones to Serum Proteins Is Present in Extrathyroidal Tissues
CHOPRA, I. J., Solomon, D. H., TECO, G. N. C., & Eisenberg, J. (1982) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7058324 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Serum thyrotropin in hospitalized psychiatric patients: Evidence for hyperthyrotropinemia as measured by an ultrasensitive thyrotropin assay
CHOPRA, I. J., Solomon, D. H., & Huang, T. (1990) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(90)90014-4 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
CARRIER-MEDIATED TRANSPORT OF THYROID HORMONE INTO RAT HEPATOCYTES IS RATE-LIMITING IN TOTAL CELLULAR UPTAKE AND METABOLISM
HENNEMANN, G., Krenning, E. P., Polhuys, M., Mol, J. A., Bernard, B. F., Visser, T. J., & Docter, R. (1986) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-119-4-1870 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
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Alterations in Serum Thyroid Hormones and Thyroxine-Binding Globulin in Patients with Nephrosis*
Gavin, L. A., McMahon, F. A., Castle, J. N., & Cavalieri, R. R. (1978) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-46-1-125 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Protective adaptation of low serum triiodothyronine in patients with chronic renal failure
LIM, V. S., Flanigan, M. J., Zavala, D. C., & Freeman, R. M. (1985) · Kidney International · doi:10.1038/ki.1985.162 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Accumulation of furancarboxylic acids in uremic serum as inhibitors of drug binding
Niwa, T., Takeda, N., Maeda, K., Shibata, M. S., & Tatematsu, A. (1988) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0009-8981(88)90250-1 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Reduced Triiodothyronine Content in Liver but Not Pituitary of the Uremic Rat Model: Demonstration of Changes Compatible with Thyroid Hormone Deficiency in Liver Only*
LIM, V. S., PASSO, C., Murata, Y., FERRARI, E., Nakamura, H., & Refetoff, S. (1984) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-114-1-280 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Influence of Fasting and Refeeding on 3,3′,5′-Triiodothyronine Metabolism in Man*
LOPRESTI, J. S., GRAY, D., & NICOLOFF, J. T. (1991) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-72-1-130 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Thyroxine Binding Proteins, Free Thyroxine and Thyroxine Turnover Interrelationships during Acute Infectious Illness in Man1
Lutz, J., Gregerman, R. I., Spaulding, S. W., Hornick, R. B., & Dawkins, A. T. (1972) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-35-2-230 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Discrepancies between serum free triiodothyronine and free thyroxin as measured by equilibrium dialysis and analog radioimmunoassay in nonthyroidal illnesses.
Liewendahl, K., Tikanoja, S., Helenius, T., & Välimäki, M. J. (1984) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/30.5.760 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Thyroxine Transfer and Distribution in Critical Nonthyroidal Illnesses, Chronic Renal Failure, and Chronic Ethanol Abuse*
Kaptein, E. M., Kaptein, J. S., CHANG, E. I., EGODAGE, P. M., Nicoloff, J. T., & Massry, S. G. (1987) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-65-4-606 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Patients with severe nonthyroidal illness and serum thyrotropin concentrations in the hypothyroid range
Brent, G. A., Hershman, J. M., & Braunstein, G. D. (1986) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(86)90300-1 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Effect of Interleukin-1 (IL-1) on Thyroid Hormone Metabolism in Mice: Stimulation by IL-1 of Iodothyronine 5′-Deiodinating Activity (Type I) in the Liver*
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Free thyroxine results are affected by albumin concentration and nonthyroidal illness
BAYER, M. F. (1983) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0009-8981(83)90315-7 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
A tentative review of recent in vitro observations of the enzymatic deiodination of iodothyronines and its possible physiological implications
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Serum thyroid hormone binding inhibitor in nonthyroidal illnesses
CHOPRA, I. J., Huang, T., Beredo, A., Solomon, D. H., & TECO, G. N. C. (1986) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(86)90117-4 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Impaired secretion of TSH in critically ill patients with 'low T4-syndrome'
Vierhapper, H., Laggner, A., Waldhäusl, W. K., Grubeck‐Loebenstein, B., & Kleinberger, G. (1982) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/acta.0.1010542 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Decreased Serum Triiodothyronine Is Associated with Increased Concentrations of Tumor Necrosis Factor
Mooradian, A. D., Reed, R. L., Osterweil, D., Schiffman, R., & Scuderi, P. (1990) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-71-5-1239 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Radioimmunoassay of free thyroxine in serum: comparison with clinical findings and results of conventional thyroid-function tests.
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Tissue thyroid hormone concentration of rat and man determined by radiommunoassay: biologic significance.
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Factitious Elevation of Thyrotropin in a New Ultrasensitive Assay: Implications for the Use of Monoclonal Antibodies in “Sandwich” Immunoassay
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Isolation and Characterization of an Endogenous Drug-Binding Inhibitor Present in Uremic Serum
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Inhibition by Propranolol of 3,5,3′-Triiodothyronine Formation from Thyroxine in Isolated Rat Renal Tubules: An Effect Independent ofβ-Adrenergic Blockade
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Peripheral Metabolism of Thyroid Hormones in Man, I. Direct Measurement of the Conversion Rate of Thyroxine to 3,5,3'-Triiodothyronine (T3) and Determination of the Peripheral and Thyroidal Production of T3
BIANCHI, R., Mariani, G., Molea, N., Vitek, F., Cazzuola, F., Carpi, A., Mazzuca, N., & Toni, M. G. (1983) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-56-6-1152 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
The distribution kinetics of triiodothyronine: studies of euthyroid subjects with decreased plasma thyroxine-binding globulin and patients with Graves' disease
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LOW SERUM l ‐T3 LEVELS IN THE ELDERLY SICK: PROTEIN BINDING, THYROID AND PITUITARY RESPONSIVENESS, AND REVERSE T3 CONCENTRATIONS
Burrows, A. W., COOPER, E., SHAKESPEAR, R. A., AICKIN, C. M., Fraser, S., Hesch, R. D., & Burke, C. W. (1977) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1977.tb01328.x · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Thyroid Hormone Metabolism in Renal Diseases1
Kaptein, E. M., Feinstein, E. I., & Massry, S. G. (2015) · Contributions to nephrology · doi:10.1159/000407070 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Simultaneous Turnover Studies of Thyroxine, 3,5,3′-and 3,3′,5′-Triiodothyronine, 3,5-, 3,3′-, and 3′,5′-Diiodothyronine, and 3′-Monoiodothyronine in Chronic Renal Failure*
Faber, J. O., Heaf, J. G., KIRKEGAARD, C., Lumholtz, I. B., Siersbæk‐Nielsen, K., KØLENDORE, K., & Friis, T. (1983) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-56-2-211 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Direct and indirect techniques for free thyroxin compared in patients with nonthyroidal illness. II. Effect of prealbumin, albumin, and thyroxin-binding globulin.
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Limitations to the Use of a Sensitive Assay for Serum Thyrotropin in the Assessment of Thyroid Status
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Secondary Hypothyroidism in Severe Non Thyroidal Illness?
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Pattern of Recovery of Thyroid Hormone Indices Associated with Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus*
Alexander, C. M., Kaptein, E. M., Lum, S. M. C., Spencer, C. A., Kumar, D., & Nicoloff, J. T. (1982) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-54-2-362 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Treatment of dopamine-dependent shock with triiodothyronine
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Thyroid hormone binding in nonthyroid illness
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EFFECTS OF THREE-DAY ORAL CHOLECYSTOGRAPHY ON SERUM IODOTHYRONINES AND TSH CONCENTRATIONS: COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS AMONG SOME CHOLECYSTOGRAPHIC AGENTS AND THE EFFECTS OF IOPANOIC ACID ON THE PITUITARY-THYROID AXIS
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THE RATIO OF THYROXINE TO THYROXINE‐BINDING GLOBULIN IN THE ASSESSMENT OF THYROID FUNCTION
Burr, W. A., Evans, S., LEE, J., PRINCÉ, H. P., & RAMSDEN, D. B. (1979) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1979.tb03082.x · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Comparison of Methods for Measuring Free Thyroxin in Nonthyroidal Illness
Wong, T. K., PEKARY, A. E., Hoo, G. W. S., Bradley, M. E., & Hershman, J. M. (1992) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/38.5.720 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Performance criteria for appropriate characterization of "(highly) sensitive" thyrotropin assays.
BAYER, M. F. (1987) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/33.4.630 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Measurement of Thyroxine Uptake from Serum by Cultured Human Hepatocytes as an Index of Thyroid Status: Reduced Thyroxine Uptake from Serum of Patients with Nonthyf oidal Illness*
SARNE, D. H., & REFETOFF, S. (1985) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-61-6-1046 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Erratum: Revised Calculations of Common Parameters of Iodothyronine Metabolism and Distribution by Noncompartmental Analysis
Oppenheimer, J. H., Schwartz, H. L., & Surks, M. I. (1975) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-41-6-1172 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Effective laboratory evaluation of thyroid status.
Bayer, M. F. (1991) · The Medical clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0025-7125(16)30469-2 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Augmentation of protein degradation by l-triiodothyronine in uremia
LIM, V. S., Tsalikian, E., & Flanigan, M. J. (1989) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(89)90161-3 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
How sensitive are immunometric assays for thyrotropin?
McConway, M. G., Chapman, R., Beastall, G. H., Brown, E., Tillman, J., Bonar, J. A., Hutchison, A. S., Allison, T. G., Finlayson, J., & Weston, R. (1989) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/35.2.289 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Serum Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme in Severe Nonthyroidal Illnesses Associated with Low Serum Thyroxine Concentration
Brent, G. A., HERSHMAN, J. M., REED, A. W., SASTRE, A., & LIEBERMAN, J. (1984) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-100-5-680 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Carbohydrate in Contrast to Protein Feeding Increases the Hepatic Content of Active Thyroxine-5′-Deiodinase in the Rat*
Gavin, L. A., McMahon, F. A., & Moeller, M. (1981) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-109-2-530 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Inability to detect an inhibitor of thyroxine-serum protein binding in sera from patients with nonthyroid illness
Mendel, C. M., Laughton, C. W., McMahon, F. A., & Cavalieri, R. R. (1991) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(91)90230-t · Cited by 32 · see citing works
The Influence of Fasting and the Thyroid State on the Activity of Thyroxine 5′-Monodeiodinase in Rat Liver: A Kinetic Analysis of Microsomal Formation of Triiodothyronine from Thyroxine*
Balsam, A. L., SEXTON, F. C., & Ingbar, S. H. (1981) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-108-2-472 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Thyroid Function Tests in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Dialysis: Characterization of the ‘ Low-T 4 Syndrome’ in Subjects on Regular Hemodialysis and Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis
Pagliacci, M. C., Pelicci, G., Grignani, F., Giammartino, C., FEDELI, L., Carobi, C., BUONCRISTIANI, U., & Nicoletti, I. (2008) · The Nephron journals/Nephron journals · doi:10.1159/000184359 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Abnormal thyroid function tests in severe non-thyroidal illness: diagnostic and pathophysiologic aspects
Helenius, T., & Liewendahl, K. (1979) · Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.3109/00365517909106123 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
On the albumin dependence of measurements of free thyroxin. I. Technical performance of seven methods.
Csákó, G., ZWEIG, M. H., Benson, C., & Ruddel, M. E. (1986) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/32.1.108 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
On the albumin-dependence of measurements of free thyroxin. II. Patients with non-thyroidal illness.
Csákó, G., ZWEIG, M. H., Benson, C. B., & Ruddel, M. E. (1987) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/33.1.87 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Measurement of serum free thyroxine by RIA in various clinical states.
Braverman, L. E., Abreau, C. M., Brock, P., Kleinmann, R. E., Fournier, L., Odstrchel, G., & Schoemaker, H. J. P. (1980) · PubMed · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Slow Thyroxine Binding Globulin in the Pathogenesis of Increased Dialysable Fraction of Thyroxine in Nonthyroidal Illnesses
Reilly, C. P., & WELLBY, M. L. (1983) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-57-1-15 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Free thyroxin in serum: labeled thyroxin-analog methods fall short of their mark.
Alexander, N. M. (1986) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/32.3.417a · Cited by 29 · see citing works
FIRST-LINE TEST OF THYROID FUNCTION
Alexander, W. D., Kerr, R. S., & Ferguson, M. M. (1984) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(84)90645-7 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Uptake of 3,5,3′-Triiodothyronine by the Perfused Rat Liver: Return to the Free Hormone Hypothesis*
Mendel, C. M., Weisiger, R. A., & Cavalieri, R. R. (1988) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-123-4-1817 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Circulating Thyrotrophin as an Index of Thyroid Function
Woodhead, J. S., & Weeks, I. (1985) · Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1177/000456328502200502 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
The Role of Thyroxine (T4)-Binding Serum Proteins in Oleic Acid-Induced Increase in Free T4in Nonthyroidal Illnesses*
CHOPRA, I. J., Huang, T., Solomon, D. H., Chaudhuri, G., & TECO, G. N. C. (1986) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-63-3-776 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
An improved approach to thyroid function testing in patients with non-thyroidal illness
Gow, S., Elder, A., Caldwell, G., Bell, G., Seth, J., SWEETING, V. M., Toft, A. D., & Beckett, G. J. (1986) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0009-8981(86)90115-4 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Diagnostic value of thyrotropin concentrations in serum as measured by a sensitive immunoradiometric assay.
Bassett, F., Cj, E., Ma, G., MABERLY, G. F., & Smith, H. C. (1986) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/32.3.461 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Changes in rat liver mRNA for alpha-1 acid-glycoprotein, apolipoprotein E, apolipoprotein B and beta-actin after mouse recombinant tumor necrosis factor injection
Delers, F., Mangeney, M., Raffa, D., Vallet-Colom, I., Daveau, M., -Tran-Quang, N., Davrinches, C., & Chambaz, J. (1989) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/0006-291x(89)91563-5 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Clinical and Laboratory Assessment of Thyroid Abnormalities
Kaplan, M. M. (1985) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0025-7125(16)30994-4 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Plasma membrane transport of thyroid hormone: its possible pathophysiological significance
Krenning, E. P., Docter, R., Visser, T. J., & HENNEMANN, G. (1983) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/bf03350563 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citation
“Free Thyroxine Index”: A Reliable Substitute for “Free” Thyroxine Concentration
Rosenfeld, L. (1974) · American Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1093/ajcp/61.1.118 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
STUDIES OF THE RATE OF DISAPPEARANCE OF LABELED THYROXINE FROM THE INTRAVASCULAR COMPARTMENT*
Lennon, E. J., Engbring, N. H., & Engstrom, W. W. (1961) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci104339 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Fatal nonthyroidal illness may impair nocturnal thyrotropin levels
Arem, R., & Deppe, S. (1990) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(90)90151-3 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
THE EFFECT OFD‐ VERSUSL‐ PROPRANOLOL IN THE TREATMENT OF HYPERTHYROIDISM
Eber, O., Buchinger, W., Lindner, W. F., PETER, M. L. R., Klima, G., Langsteger, W., & Költringer, P. (1990) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1990.tb00877.x · Cited by 22 · see citing works
The relation of thyroid indices in the critically ill patient to prognosis and nutritional factors.
Silberman, H., Eisenberg, D., Ryan, J., Shofler, R., Niland, J. C., Kaptein, E., Nicoloff, J. T., & Spencer, C. (1988) · PubMed · Cited by 20 · see citing works
ULTRASENSITIVE ASSAY OF THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE NON‐THYROIDAL ILLNESS
Boles, J. M., Morin, J. F., & Garré, M. (1987) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1987.tb01166.x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Handling of iodothyronines by the liver and kidney in patients with chronic liver disease
Bauer, A. G. C., Wilson, J. H. P., Lamberts, S. W. J., Docter, R., Hennemann, G., & Visser, T. J. (1987) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/acta.0.1160339 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citation
Amiodarone alters thyroxine transfer and distribution in humans
Kaptein, E. M., EGODAGE, P. M., Hoopes, M. T., & Burger, A. (1988) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(88)90185-0 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Interactions between Oleic Acid and Drug Competitors Influence Specific Binding of Thyroxine in Serum*
Lim, C., Curtis, A. J., Barlow, J., Topliss, D. J., & Stockigt, J. R. (1991) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-73-5-1106 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
EFFECT OF HEPARIN ON SERUM FREE THYROXINE LINKED TO POST‐HEPARIN LIPOLYTIC ACTIVITY
BAYER, M. F. (1983) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1983.tb00035.x · Cited by 18 · see citing works
A sensitive immunoradiometric assay for serum thyroid stimulating hormone.
Semple, C. G., Slater, S. D., Reid, A. M., & Glen, A. C. A. (1985) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.290.6461.69-b · Cited by 18 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

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Guidelines for the Treatment of Hypothyroidism: Prepared by the American Thyroid Association Task Force on Thyroid Hormone Replacement
Jonklaas, J., Bianco, A. C., Bauer, A. J., Burman, K. D., Cappola, A. R., Celi, F. S., Cooper, D. S., Kim, B. W., Peeters, R. P., Rosenthal, M. S., et al. (2014) · Thyroid® · doi:10.1089/thy.2014.0028 · Cited by 1,928 · see citing works
“A minority view holds that the changes seen, while perhaps a common pathway, are nonetheless pathologic (623,624).”
Biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, and physiological roles of the iodothyronine selenodeiodinases
Bianco, A. C., Salvatore, D., Gereben, B., Berry, M. J., & Larsen, P. R. (2002) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.23.1.0455 · Cited by 1,853 · see citing works
Pathophysiologic Response to Severe Burn Injury
Jeschke, M. G., Chinkes, D. L., Finnerty, C. C., Kulp, G. A., Suman-Vejas, O. E., Norbury, W. B., Branski, L. K., Gauglitz, G. G., Mlcak, R. P., & Herndon, D. N. (2008) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/sla.0b013e3181856241 · Cited by 713 · see citing works
Leptin Prevents Fasting-Induced Suppression of Prothyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in Neurons of the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus*
Légrádi, G., Emerson, C. H., Ahima, R. S., Flier, J. S., & Lechan, R. M. (1997) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.138.6.2569 · Cited by 505 · see citing works
Dangerous dogmas in medicine: the nonthyroidal illness syndrome
De Groot, L. J. (1999) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.84.1.5364 · Cited by 505 · see citing works
Reduced Activation and Increased Inactivation of Thyroid Hormone in Tissues of Critically Ill Patients
Peeters, R. P., Wouters, P. J., Kaptein, E., van Toor, H., Visser, T. J., & Van den Berghe, G. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2002-022013 · Cited by 452 · see citing works
Euthyroid Sick Syndrome: Is It a Misnomer?
Chopra, I. J. (1997) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.82.2.3745 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Beyond Low Plasma T3: Local Thyroid Hormone Metabolism during Inflammation and Infection
Boelen, A., Kwakkel, J., & Fliers, E. (2011) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2011-0007 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Pitfalls in the measurement and interpretation of thyroid function tests
Koulouri, O., Moran, C., Halsall, D., Chatterjee, K., & Gurnell, M. (2013) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.beem.2013.10.003 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Thyroid Hormone Metabolism and Thyroid Diseases in Chronic Renal Failure
Kaptein, E. M. (1996) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv-17-1-45 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Anterior pituitary function during critical illness and dopamine treatment
den Berghe, G. V., & de Zegher, F. (1996) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-199609000-00024 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Serum 3,3′,5′-Triiodothyronine (rT 3 ) and 3,5,3′-Triiodothyronine/rT 3 Are Prognostic Markers in Critically Ill Patients and Are Associated with Postmortem Tissue Deiodinase Activities
Peeters, R. P., Wouters, P. J., van Toor, H., Kaptein, E., Visser, T. J., & Van den Berghe, G. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2005-0535 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Fasting-Induced Changes in the Hypothalamus–Pituitary–Thyroid Axis
Boelen, A., Wiersinga, W. M., & Fliers, E. (2008) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2007.0253 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
The molecular basis of the non-thyroidal illness syndrome
de Vries, E. M., Fliers, E., & Boelen, A. (2015) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-15-0133 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Non-thyroidal illness syndrome is a manifestation of hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction, and in view of current evidence, should be treated with appropriate replacement therapies
De Groot, L. J. (2006) · Critical Care Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2005.10.001 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
The role of thyroid hormones in depression
KIRKEGAARD, C., & Faber, J. (1998) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje.0.1380001 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Pathophysiology of Delirium
van der Mast, R. C. (1998) · Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology · doi:10.1177/089198879801100304 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Biochemical Mechanisms of Thyroid Hormone Deiodination
Kuiper, G. G. J. M., Kester, M. H. A., Peeters, R. P., & Visser, T. J. (2005) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2005.15.787 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Insulin Resistance and Hyperglycemia in Critical Illness
Robinson, L. E., & van Soeren, M. H. (2004) · AACN Clinical Issues Advanced Practice in Acute & Critical Care · doi:10.1097/00044067-200401000-00004 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Dopamine and the sick euthyroid syndrome in critical illness
den Berghe, G. V., de Zegher, F., & Lauwers, P. (1994) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1994.tb02787.x · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Interpretation of thyroid function tests
Dayan, C. M. (2001) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)04060-5 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
High-Normal Thyroid Function and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation: The Rotterdam Study
Heeringa, J., Hoogendoorn, E. H., van der Deure, W. M., Hofman, A., Peeters, R. P., Hop, W. C. J., den Heijer, M., Visser, T. J., & Witteman, J. C. M. (2008) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.168.20.2219 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Frequency and outcome of patients with nonthyroidal illness syndrome in a medical intensive care unit
Plikat, K., Langgartner, J., Buettner, R., Bollheimer, L. C., Woenckhaus, U., Schölmerich, J., & Wrede, C. E. (2007) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2006.09.020 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Altered Thyroid Function in Nonthyroidal Illness and Surgery — To Treat or Not to Treat?
Utiger, R. D. (1995) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199512073332310 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Amiodarone and the thyroid: a practical guide to the management of thyroid dysfunction induced by amiodarone therapy
Newman, C. M. H., Price, A., Davies, D., Gray, T. A., & Weetman, A. P. (1998) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.79.2.121 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Ontogeny of Iodothyronine Deiodinases in Human Liver1
Richard, K., Hume, R., Kaptein, E., Sanders, J. P., van Toor, H., de Herder, W. W., den Hollander, J. C., Krenning, E. P., & Visser, T. J. (1998) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.83.8.5032 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Self-citation
Tissue Thyroid Hormone Levels in Critical Illness
Peeters, R. P., van der Geyten, S., Wouters, P. J., Darras, V. M., van Toor, H., Kaptein, E., Visser, T. J., & Van den Berghe, G. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2005-1013 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Endocrine and Metabolic Responses in Children with Meningoccocal Sepsis: Striking Differences between Survivors and Nonsurvivors
Joosten, K. F. M., de Kleijn, E. D., Westerterp, M., de Hoog, M., Eijck, F. C. V., Hop, W. C. J., van der Voort, E., Hazelzet, J. A., & Hokken‐Koelega, A. C. S. (2000) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.85.10.6901 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Relationship between thyroid function and ICU mortality: a prospective observation study
Wang, F., Pan, W., Wang, H., Wang, S., Pan, S., & Ge, J. (2012) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/cc11151 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Thyroid function in very low birth weight infants: Effects on neonatal hypothyroidism screening
Frank, J. E., Faix, J. D., Hermos, R. J., Mullaney, D. M., Rojan, D. A., Mitchell, M. L., & Klein, R. (1996) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(96)70368-2 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Thyroid size and thyroid function during pregnancy: an analysis
Berghout, A., & Wiersinga, W. M. (1998) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje.0.1380536 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Rapid Down-regulation of Thyroid Hormones in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Friberg, L., Werner, S., Eggertsen, G., & Ahnve, S. (2002) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.162.12.1388 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Significance of Transthyretin in Protein Metabolism
Ingenbleek, Y., & Young, V. R. (2002) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm.2002.222 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Serum total thyroxine, total triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, and thyrotropin concentrations in dogs with nonthyroidal disease
Kantrowitz, L. B., Peterson, M. E., Melián, C., & Nichols, R. (2001) · Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association · doi:10.2460/javma.2001.219.765 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Thyrotropin Levels and Risk of Fatal Coronary Heart Disease: The HUNT Study
Åsvold, B. O., Bjøro, T., Nilsen, T. I. L., Gunnell, D., & Vatten, L. J. (2008) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.168.8.855 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Regulation of thyroid hormone metabolism during fetal development
Darras, V., Hume, R., & Visser, T. J. (1999) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0303-7207(99)00088-x · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Subclinical hypothyroidism is linked to micro-inflammation and predicts death in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
Enia, G., Panuccio, V. A., Cutrupi, S., Pizzini, P., Tripepi, G. L., Mallamaci, F., & Zoccali, C. (2006) · Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation · doi:10.1093/ndt/gfl605 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Impact of alcohol use on thyroid function
Balhara, Y. P. S., & Deb, K. (2013) · Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.4103/2230-8210.113724 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Low triiodothyronine: a strong predictor of outcome in acute stroke patients
Alevizaki, M. K., Synetou, M., Xynos, K., Παππά, Θ., & Vemmos, K. N. (2007) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.2007.01839.x · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Diagnosis and management of treatment-refractory hypothyroidism: an expert consensus report
Centanni, M., Benvenga, S., & Sachmechi, I. (2017) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-017-0706-y · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Influence of selenium supplements on the post-traumatic alterations of the thyroid axis: a placebo-controlled trial
Berger, M., Reymond, M., Shenkin, A., Rey, F., Wardle, C., Cayeux, C., Schindler, C., & Chioléro, R. (2001) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s001340000757 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Regulation of Iodothyronine Deiodinases in the Pax8−/− Mouse Model of Congenital Hypothyroidism
Friedrichsen, S., Christ, S., Heuer, H., Schäfer, M. K.-H., Mansouri, A., Bauer, K., & Visser, T. J. (2003) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2002-220715 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
The Association of Polymorphisms in the Type 1 and 2 Deiodinase Genes with Circulating Thyroid Hormone Parameters and Atrophy of the Medial Temporal Lobe
de Jong, F. J., Peeters, R. P., den Heijer, T., van der Deure, W. M., Albert Hofman, D., Uitterlinden, A. G., Visser, T. J., & Breteler, M. M. B. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2006-1331 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Transient Secondary Hypothyroidism in Children after Cardiac Surgery
Bettendorf, M., Schmidt, K. G., Tiefenbacher, U., Grulich‐Henn, J., Heinrich, U., & Schönberg, D. (1997) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1203/00006450-199703000-00012 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Induced illness in interleukin-6 (IL-6) knock-out mice: a causal role of IL-6 in the development of the low 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine syndrome.
Boelen, A., Maas, M. A., Lowik, C. W., Platvoet, M. C., & Wiersinga, W. M. (1996) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.137.12.8940342 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Effect of Early Compared With Delayed Enteral Nutrition on Endocrine Function in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury: An Open‐Labeled Randomized Trial
Chourdakis, M., Kraus, M. M., Tzellos, T., Sardeli, C., Peftoulidou, M., Vassilakos, D., & Kouvelas, D. (2012) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/0148607110397878 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Thyroid function and the risk of coronary heart disease: 12‐year follow‐up of the <scp>HUNT S</scp>tudy in <scp>N</scp>orway
Åsvold, B. O., Bjøro, T., Platou, C., & Vatten, L. J. (2012) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2012.04477.x · Cited by 107 · see citing works
New insights toward the acute non-thyroidal illness syndrome
Wajner, S. M., & Maia, A. L. (2012) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2012.00008 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Nonthyroidal Illness Syndrome and Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation in Patients Admitted to the ICU
Bello, G., Pennisi, M. A., Montini, L. M., Silva, S., Maviglia, R., Cavallaro, F., Bianchi, A., Marinis, L. D., & Antonelli, M. M. (2009) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.08-1816 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
The Type II Iodothyronine Deiodinase Is Up-Regulated in Skeletal Muscle during Prolonged Critical Illness
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Authors: Docter, R., Krenning, E. P., de Jong, M., & Hennemann, G.
Affiliations: Erasmus MC (NL)
Corresponding author: Docter, R.
ORCID: Krenning, E. P.
Venue: Clinical Endocrinology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 1993-11
Volume: 39
Issue: 5
Pages: 499-518
ISSN: 0300-0664 (ISSN-L)
1365-2265
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1993.tb02401.x
OpenAlex: W2121588417
Cited by: 345
References: 242
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 3.92
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 5250 d)
Locations: Clinical Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
Keywords: low T3 syndrome, thyroid hormones, serum thyroid hormones, thyroid hormone metabolism
MeSH terms: Euthyroid Sick Syndromes, Humans, Thyroid Hormones, Thyrotropin, Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine

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