Cited by 1,940Media Influence and PoliticsNews Media Framing and Political CommunicationElectoral Systems and Political Participation

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 63 of the 64 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Red Media, Blue Media: Evidence of Ideological Selectivity in Media Use

Iyengar, Shanto, Hahn, Kyu S·2009·Journal of Communication

DOI 10.1111/j.1460-2466.2008.01402.x

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

We show that the demand for news varies with the perceived affinity of the news organization to the consumer’s political preferences. In an experimental setting, conservatives and Republicans preferred to read news reports attributed to Fox News and to avoid news from CNN and NPR. Democrats and liberals exhibited exactly the opposite syndrome—dividing their attention equally between CNN and NPR, but avoiding Fox News. This pattern of selective exposure based on partisan affinity held not only for news coverage of controversial issues but also for relatively “soft” subjects such as crime and travel. The tendency to select news based on anticipated agreement was also strengthened among more politically engaged partisans. Overall, these results suggest that the further proliferation of new media and enhanced media choices may contribute to the further polarization of the news audience.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1460-2466.2008.01402.x

Cites

63 of 63 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance
Festinger, L. (1957) · doi:10.1515/9781503620766 · Cited by 24,241 · cited 1×
“The argument that people prefer to approach supportive over nonsupportive information precedes the onset of new media and dates back to the heyday of cognitive consistency theories in the 1950s (Festinger, 1957).”
Background
Advances In Experimental Social Psychology
(2022) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(22)x0002-6 · Cited by 22,559
A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance
Morvan, C., & O’Connor, A. (2017) · Macat Library eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781912282432 · Cited by 18,284
Limited-Dependent and Qualitative Variables in Econometrics
Maddala, G. S. (1983) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511810176 · Cited by 13,268
Categorical Data Analysis
Hapeman, D. E., & Agresti, A. (1991) · Technometrics · doi:10.1080/00401706.1991.10484817 · Cited by 9,407
Regression Models for Categorical and Limited Dependent Variables.
MTW, & Long, J. S. (1997) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2965458 · Cited by 6,891
An Introduction to Categorical Data Analysis
Agresti, A. (2006) · Wiley series in probability and statistics · doi:10.1002/0470114754 · Cited by 6,775
Regression Models for Categorical and Limited Dependent Variables
Calvin, J. A., & Long, J. S. (1998) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1271407 · Cited by 5,290
Estimating Discrete-Choice Models of Product Differentiation
Berry, S. (1994) · The RAND Journal of Economics · doi:10.2307/2555829 · Cited by 2,835
The measurement of urban travel demand
McFadden, D. L. (1974) · Journal of Public Economics · doi:10.1016/0047-2727(74)90003-6 · Cited by 2,576

Show all 64 references

Research works printed but not linked: 12

Bumiller, 200823, McCain gathers support and donations in aftermath of article in The Times, The New York Times, p. A13
Fiorina, 2005, Culture wars? The myth of polarized America
Fox, 1997, Applied regression, linear models, and related methods
Greene, 2003, Econometric analysis
Hill, 2007, The opt-in internet panel: Survey mode, sampling methodology and the implications for political research
Iyengar, 2007, Media and politics: A citizen’s guide
Jacobson, 2000, Polarized politics, 9
Pew Research Center for the People and Press, 2004, Online news audience larger, more diverse: News audience increasingly polarized
Rutenberg, 200821, For McCain, self-confidence on ethics poses its own risk, The New York Times
Sears, 1968, Theories of cognitive consistency: A sourcebook, 777
Smith, 1997, What the people want from the press
Steinberg, 20076, Cable channel nods to ratings and leans left, The New York Times

Sorted by citations

Exposure to ideologically diverse news and opinion on Facebook
Bakshy, E., Messing, S., & Adamic, L. A. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaa1160 · Cited by 3,245
Affect, Not Ideology
Iyengar, S., Sood, G., & Lelkes, Y. (2012) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1093/poq/nfs038 · Cited by 2,996
Self-citation
The Politicization of Climate Change and Polarization in the American Public's Views of Global Warming, 2001–2010
McCright, A. M., & Dunlap, R. E. (2011) · The Sociological Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1533-8525.2011.01198.x · Cited by 2,340
Filter Bubbles, Echo Chambers, and Online News Consumption
Flaxman, S., Goel, S., & Rao, J. M. (2016) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1093/poq/nfw006 · Cited by 1,992
Tweeting From Left to Right: Is Online Political Communication More Than an Echo Chamber?
Barberá, P., Jost, J. T., Nagler, J., Tucker, J. A., & Bonneau, R. (2015) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797615594620 · Cited by 1,472
The echo chamber is overstated: the moderating effect of political interest and diverse media
Dubois, E., & Blank, G. (2018) · Information, Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/1369118x.2018.1428656 · Cited by 1,055
A New Era of Minimal Effects? The Changing Foundations of Political Communication
Bennett, W. L., & Iyengar, S. (2008) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2008.00410.x · Cited by 1,558
Self-citation
Birds of the Same Feather Tweet Together: Bayesian Ideal Point Estimation Using Twitter Data
Barberá, P. (2015) · Political Analysis · doi:10.1093/pan/mpu011 · Cited by 982
The rise of negative partisanship and the nationalization of U.S. elections in the 21st century
Abramowitz, A. I., & Webster, S. (2016) · Electoral Studies · doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2015.11.001 · Cited by 978
Ideological Segregation Online and Offline *
Gentzkow, M., & Shapiro, J. M. (2011) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1093/qje/qjr044 · Cited by 980
Political communication in a high-choice media environment: a challenge for democracy?
Van Aelst, P., Strömbäck, J., Aalberg, T., Esser, F., de Vreese, C., Matthes, J., Hopmann, D., Salgado, S., Hubé, N., Stępińska, A., et al. (2017) · Annals of the International Communication Association · doi:10.1080/23808985.2017.1288551 · Cited by 974
Selective Exposure in the Age of Social Media: Endorsements Trump Partisan Source Affiliation When Selecting News Online
Messing, S., & Westwood, S. J. (2014) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/0093650212466406 · Cited by 902
Science audiences, misinformation, and fake news
Scheufele, D. A., & Krause, N. M. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1805871115 · Cited by 878
Media and Political Polarization
Prior, M. (2013) · Annual Review of Political Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-100711-135242 · Cited by 1,125
Social Media, Political Polarization, and Political Disinformation: A Review of the Scientific Literature
Tucker, J. A., Guess, A., Barbera, P., Vaccari, C., Siegel, A., Sanovich, S., Stukal, D., & Nyhan, B. (2018) · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3144139 · Cited by 1,222
Social Media, Political Expression, and Political Participation: Panel Analysis of Lagged and Concurrent Relationships
de Zúñiga, H. G., Molyneux, L., & Zheng, P. (2014) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/jcom.12103 · Cited by 649
Ideological Asymmetries and the Essence of Political Psychology
Jost, J. T. (2017) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/pops.12407 · Cited by 764
Cambridge Handbook of Experimental Political Science
Druckman, J. N. (2011) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511921452 · Cited by 622
Exposure to untrustworthy websites in the 2016 US election
Guess, A. M., Nyhan, B., & Reifler, J. (2020) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-020-0833-x · Cited by 587
The Dynamics of Audience Fragmentation: Public Attention in an Age of Digital Media
Webster, J. G., & Ksiazek, T. B. (2012) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2011.01616.x · Cited by 646
Effects of the News-Finds-Me Perception in Communication: Social Media Use Implications for News Seeking and Learning About Politics
de Zúñiga, H. G., Weeks, B. E., & Ardèvol‐Abreu, A. (2017) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/jcc4.12185 · Cited by 597
Why Do Partisan Media Polarize Viewers?
Levendusky, M. S. (2013) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/ajps.12008 · Cited by 587
Partisan Perceptual Bias and the Information Environment
Jerit, J., & Barabas, J. (2012) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.1017/s0022381612000187 · Cited by 425
The Ideological Foundations of Affective Polarization in the U.S. Electorate
Webster, S. W., & Abramowitz, A. I. (2017) · American Politics Research · doi:10.1177/1532673x17703132 · Cited by 557
Rethinking Political Communication in a Time of Disrupted Public Spheres
Bennett, W. L., & Pfetsch, B. (2018) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1093/joc/jqx017 · Cited by 550
Demand Effects in Survey Experiments: An Empirical Assessment
MUMMOLO, J., & PETERSON, E. (2019) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055418000837 · Cited by 548
At Least Bias Is Bipartisan: A Meta-Analytic Comparison of Partisan Bias in Liberals and Conservatives
Ditto, P. H., Liu, B. S., Clark, C. J., Wojcik, S. P., Chen, E. E., Grady, R. H., Celniker, J. B., & Zinger, J. F. (2019) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691617746796 · Cited by 535
The Social Structure of Political Echo Chambers: Variation in Ideological Homophily in Online Networks
Boutyline, A., & Willer, R. (2017) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/pops.12337 · Cited by 491
How Social Media Facilitates Political Protest: Information, Motivation, and Social Networks
Jost, J. T., Barberá, P., Bonneau, R., Langer, M., Metzger, M., Nagler, J., Sterling, J., & Tucker, J. A. (2018) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/pops.12478 · Cited by 492
The Hostile Audience: The Effect of Access to Broadband Internet on Partisan Affect
Lelkes, Y., Sood, G., & Iyengar, S. (2017) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/ajps.12237 · Cited by 476
Self-citation
Partisan Selective Sharing: The Biased Diffusion of Fact-Checking Messages on Social Media: Sharing Fact-Checking Messages on Social Media
Shin, J., & Thorson, K. (2017) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/jcom.12284 · Cited by 481
Internet Research in Psychology
Gosling, S. D., & Mason, W. (2015) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010814-015321 · Cited by 458
Social Media, Network Heterogeneity, and Opinion Polarization
Lee, J. K., Choi, J., Kim, C., & Kim, Y. (2014) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/jcom.12077 · Cited by 493
Encountering “Difference” in the Contemporary Public Sphere: The Contribution of the Internet to the Heterogeneity of Political Discussion Networks
Brundidge, J. (2010) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2010.01509.x · Cited by 471
Climate on Cable
Feldman, L., Maibach, E. W., Roser‐Renouf, C., & Leiserowitz, A. (2011) · The International Journal of Press/Politics · doi:10.1177/1940161211425410 · Cited by 445
Priming and Fake News: The Effects of Elite Discourse on Evaluations of News Media
Duyn, E. V., & Collier, J. R. (2018) · Mass Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/15205436.2018.1511807 · Cited by 427
Fake news and ideological polarization: Filter bubbles and selective exposure on social media
Spohr, D. (2017) · Business Information Review · doi:10.1177/0266382117722446 · Cited by 530
Public engagement with climate change: the role of human values
Corner, A., Markowitz, E., & Pidgeon, N. (2014) · WIREs Climate Change · doi:10.1002/wcc.269 · Cited by 418
Confirmation bias, ingroup bias, and negativity bias in selective exposure to political information
Knobloch-Westerwick, S., Mothes, C., & Polavin, N. (2020) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/0093650217719596 · Cited by 391
The Mediating Path to a Stronger Citizenship: Online and Offline Networks, Weak Ties, and Civic Engagement
de Zúñiga, H. G., & Valenzuela, S. (2010) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/0093650210384984 · Cited by 420
Liberals and conservatives are similarly motivated to avoid exposure to one another's opinions
Frimer, J. A., Skitka, L. J., & Motyl, M. S. (2017) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2017.04.003 · Cited by 383
Rumor Cascades
Friggeri, A., Adamic, L., Eckles, D., & Cheng, J. (2014) · Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media · doi:10.1609/icwsm.v8i1.14559 · Cited by 382
Social Media, Echo Chambers, and Political Polarization
Barberá, P. (2020) · Social Media and Democracy · doi:10.1017/9781108890960.004 · Cited by 373
(Almost) Everything in Moderation: New Evidence on Americans' Online Media Diets
Guess, A. M. (2021) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/ajps.12589 · Cited by 342
All the News That’s Fit to Fabricate: AI-Generated Text as a Tool of Media Misinformation
Kreps, S., McCain, R. M., & Brundage, M. (2022) · Journal of Experimental Political Science · doi:10.1017/xps.2020.37 · Cited by 360
Stumbling upon news on the Internet: Effects of incidental news exposure and relative entertainment use on political engagement
Kim, Y., Chen, H., & de Zúñiga, H. G. (2013) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.06.005 · Cited by 357
Fair and Balanced? Quantifying Media Bias through Crowdsourced Content Analysis
Budak, C., Goel, S., & Rao, J. M. (2016) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1093/poq/nfw007 · Cited by 336
Social media and the formation of organizational reputation
Etter, M., Ravasi, D., & Colleoni, E. (2019) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2014.0280 · Cited by 428
Misinformation and Polarization in a High-Choice Media Environment: How Effective Are Political Fact-Checkers?
Hameleers, M., & van der Meer, T. G. L. A. (2019) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/0093650218819671 · Cited by 328
Polarized Political Communication, Oppositional Media Hostility, and Selective Exposure
Arceneaux, K., Johnson, M., & Murphy, C. (2012) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.1017/s002238161100123x · Cited by 328
Expressive behavior in economics and politics
Hillman, A. L. (2010) · European Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2010.06.004 · Cited by 328
A Turn Toward Avoidance? Selective Exposure to Online Political Information, 2004-2008
Garrett, R. K., Carnahan, D., & Lynch, E. K. (2013) · Political Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11109-011-9185-6 · Cited by 311
Frenemies: How Social Media Polarizes America
Settle, J. E. (2018) · doi:10.1017/9781108560573 · Cited by 377
Partisan Paths to Exposure Diversity: Differences in Pro- and Counterattitudinal News Consumption
Garrett, R. K., & Stroud, N. J. (2014) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/jcom.12105 · Cited by 308
The Relationship Between Social Media Use and Beliefs in Conspiracy Theories and Misinformation
Enders, A. M., Uscinski, J. E., Seelig, M. I., Klofstad, C., Wuchty, S., Funchion, J., Murthi, M. N., Premaratne, K., & Stoler, J. B. (2021) · Political Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11109-021-09734-6 · Cited by 358
Anatomy of news consumption on Facebook
Schmidt, A. L., Zollo, F., Del Vicario, M., Bessi, A., Scala, A., Caldarelli, G., Stanley, H. E., & Quattrociocchi, W. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1617052114 · Cited by 305
Facts and Where to Find Them: Empirical Research on Internet Platforms and Content Moderation
Keller, D., & Leerssen, P. (2020) · Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) · doi:10.1017/9781108890960
The contribution of mobile social media to social capital and psychological well-being: Examining the role of communicative use, friending and self-disclosure
Chen, H., & Li, X. (2017) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.06.011 · Cited by 332
Political polarization in US residents’ COVID-19 risk perceptions, policy preferences, and protective behaviors
de Bruin, W. B., Saw, H.-W., & Goldman, D. P. (2020) · Journal of Risk and Uncertainty · doi:10.1007/s11166-020-09336-3 · Cited by 287
From the Digital Divide to the Democratic Divide: Internet Skills, Political Interest, and the Second-Level Digital Divide in Political Internet Use
Min, S.-J. (2010) · Journal of Information Technology & Politics · doi:10.1080/19331680903109402 · Cited by 281
The Emergence of COVID-19 in the US: A Public Health and Political Communication Crisis
Gollust, S. E., Nagler, R. H., & Fowler, E. F. (2020) · Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law · doi:10.1215/03616878-8641506 · Cited by 278
Cognitive–motivational mechanisms of political polarization in social-communicative contexts
Jost, J. T., Baldassarri, D. S., & Druckman, J. N. (2022) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-022-00093-5 · Cited by 276
Cognitive Dissonance or Credibility? A Comparison of Two Theoretical Explanations for Selective Exposure to Partisan News
Metzger, M. J., Hartsell, E. H., & Flanagin, A. J. (2020) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/0093650215613136 · Cited by 272
The elective affinity between post-truth communication and populist politics
Waisbord, S. (2018) · Communication Research and Practice · doi:10.1080/22041451.2018.1428928 · Cited by 411
Preelection Selective Exposure
Knobloch-Westerwick, S., & Kleinman, S. (2012) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/0093650211400597 · Cited by 199
The “Spiral of Silence” Revisited: A Meta-Analysis on the Relationship Between Perceptions of Opinion Support and Political Opinion Expression
Matthes, J., Knoll, J., & von Sikorski, C. (2018) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/0093650217745429 · Cited by 269
The Myth of Partisan Selective Exposure: A Portrait of the Online Political News Audience
Nelson, J. L., & Webster, J. G. (2017) · Social Media + Society · doi:10.1177/2056305117729314 · Cited by 267
You Cannot be Serious: The Impact of Accuracy Incentives on Partisan Bias in Reports of Economic Perceptions
Prior, M., Sood, G., & Khanna, K. (2015) · Quarterly Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1561/100.00014127 · Cited by 418
Implications of Pro- and Counterattitudinal Information Exposure for Affective Polarization: Partisan Media Exposure and Affective Polarization
Garrett, R. K., Gvirsman, S. D., Johnson, B. K., Tsfati, Y., Neo, R., & Dal, A. (2014) · Human Communication Research · doi:10.1111/hcre.12028 · Cited by 351
The contribution of social network sites to exposure to political difference: The relationships among SNSs, online political messaging, and exposure to cross-cutting perspectives
Kim, Y. (2011) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2010.12.001 · Cited by 269
A Source of Bias in Public Opinion Stability
Druckman, J. N., Fein, J., & Leeper, T. J. (2012) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055412000123 · Cited by 249
Why They Don’t Trust the Media: An Examination of Factors Predicting Trust
Lee, T.-T. (2010) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/0002764210376308 · Cited by 243
Polarization: What Everyone Needs to Know®
McCarty, N. (2019) · doi:10.1093/wentk/9780190867782.001.0001 · Cited by 280
Partisan Gaps in Political Information and Information-Seeking Behavior: Motivated Reasoning or Cheerleading?
Peterson, E., & Iyengar, S. (2019) · doi:10.31235/osf.io/pmn7h · Cited by 241
Self-citation
What kind of news gatekeepers do we want machines to be? Filter bubbles, fragmentation, and the normative dimensions of algorithmic recommendations
Nechushtai, E., & Lewis, S. C. (2019) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.07.043 · Cited by 237
News media literacy and conspiracy theory endorsement
Craft, S., Ashley, S., & Maksl, A. (2017) · Communication and the Public · doi:10.1177/2057047317725539 · Cited by 261
Political consumerism: Civic engagement and the social media connection
de Zúñiga, H. G., Copeland, L., & Bimber, B. (2014) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444813487960 · Cited by 227
The Mutual Reinforcement of Media Selectivity and Effects: Testing the Reinforcing Spirals Framework in the Context of Global Warming
Feldman, L., Myers, T. A., Hmielowski, J. D., & Leiserowitz, A. (2014) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/jcom.12108 · Cited by 230
The Polarizing Effect of News Media Messages About the Social Determinants of Health
Gollust, S. E., Lantz, P. M., & Ubel, P. A. (2009) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2009.161414 · Cited by 226
A Three-Decade Retrospective on the Hostile Media Effect
Perloff, R. M. (2015) · Mass Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/15205436.2015.1051234 · Cited by 235
Auditing Partisan Audience Bias within Google Search
Robertson, R. E., Jiang, S., Joseph, K., Friedland, L., Lazer, D., & Wilson, C. (2018) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3274417 · Cited by 209
The Effect of Fact‐Checking on Elites: A Field Experiment on U.S. State Legislators
Nyhan, B. J., & Reifler, J. (2014) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/ajps.12162 · Cited by 211
Who Shares and Comments on News?: A Cross-National Comparative Analysis of Online and Social Media Participation
Kalogeropoulos, A., Negredo, S., Picone, I., & Nielsen, R. K. (2017) · Social Media + Society · doi:10.1177/2056305117735754 · Cited by 209
Personal experiences bridge moral and political divides better than facts
Kubin, E., Puryear, C., Schein, C., & Gray, K. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2008389118 · Cited by 209
Misinformation, Disinformation, and Online Propaganda
Guess, A. M., & Lyons, B. A. (2020) · Social Media and Democracy · doi:10.1017/9781108890960.003 · Cited by 284
Ideology, Learning, and Policy Diffusion: Experimental Evidence
Butler, D. M., Volden, C., Dynes, A. M., & Shor, B. (2014) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/ajps.12213 · Cited by 228
Why the "Death Panel" Myth Wouldn't Die: Misinformation in the Health Care Reform Debate
Nyhan, B. J. (2010) · The Forum · doi:10.2202/1540-8884.1354 · Cited by 198
A National Survey Assessing SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Intentions: Implications for Future Public Health Communication Efforts
Head, K. J., Kasting, M. L., Sturm, L. A., Hartsock, J. A., & Zimet, G. D. (2020) · Science Communication · doi:10.1177/1075547020960463 · Cited by 205
The Changing Misrepresentation of Race and Crime on Network and Cable News
Dixon, T. L., & Williams, C. L. (2014) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/jcom.12133 · Cited by 202
The Rise of Partisanship and Super-Cooperators in the U.S. House of Representatives
Andris, C., Lee, D., Hamilton, M. J., Martino, M., Gunning, C. E., & Selden, J. A. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0123507 · Cited by 197
Discourse architecture, ideology, and democratic norms in online political discussion
Freelon, D. (2013) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444813513259 · Cited by 228
Filtering out the other side? Cross-cutting and like-minded discussions on social networking sites
Heatherly, K. A., Lu, Y., & Lee, J. K. (2016) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444816634677 · Cited by 205
Anger, Fear, and Echo Chambers: The Emotional Basis for Online Behavior
Wollebæk, D., Karlsen, R., Steen-Johnsen, K., & Enjolras, B. (2019) · Social Media + Society · doi:10.1177/2056305119829859 · Cited by 200
The nature and origins of political polarization over science
Rekker, R. (2021) · Public Understanding of Science · doi:10.1177/0963662521989193 · Cited by 210
Of Echo Chambers and Contrarian Clubs: Exposure to Political Disagreement Among German and Italian Users of Twitter
Vaccari, C., Valeriani, A., Barberá, P., Jost, J. T., Nagler, J., & Tucker, J. A. (2016) · Social Media + Society · doi:10.1177/2056305116664221 · Cited by 188
News Media Channels: Complements or Substitutes? Evidence from Mobile Phone Usage
Xu, J., Forman, C., Kim, J. B., & Van Ittersum, K. (2014) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1509/jm.13.0198 · Cited by 180
Selective Exposure to Cable News and Immigration in the U.S.: The Relationship Between FOX News, CNN, and Attitudes Toward Mexican Immigrants
de Zúñiga, H. G., Correa, T., & Valenzuela, S. (2012) · Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media · doi:10.1080/08838151.2012.732138 · Cited by 187
All the News You Want to Hear: The Impact of Partisan News Exposure on Political Participation
Dilliplane, S. (2011) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1093/poq/nfr006 · Cited by 197
The Friendly Media Phenomenon: A Cross-National Analysis of Cross-Cutting Exposure
Goldman, S., & Mutz, D. C. (2011) · Political Communication · doi:10.1080/10584609.2010.544280 · Cited by 198
“Fake News” and Emerging Online Media Ecosystem: An Integrated Intermedia Agenda-Setting Analysis of the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election
Гуо, Л., & Vargo, C. J. (2018) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/0093650218777177 · Cited by 184

Authors: Iyengar, S., & Hahn, K. S.
Affiliations: Stanford University (US)
University of California, Los Angeles (US)
ORCID: Iyengar, Shanto
Venue: Journal of Communication
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2009-03
Volume: 59
Issue: 1
Pages: 19-39
ISSN: 0021-9916 (ISSN-L)
1460-2466
DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.2008.01402.x
OpenAlex: W2166155258
Cited by: 1,940
References: 64
Citations by year: 2026: 73 · 2025: 137 · 2024: 116 · 2023: 105 · 2022: 167 · 2021: 156 · 2020: 246 · 2019: 162 · 2018: 148 · 2017: 129 · 2016: 101 · 2015: 92 · 2014: 89 · 2013: 80 · 2012: 64
FWCI: 148.28
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1 (tdm, 2375 d)
Locations: Journal of Communication (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Media Influence and Politics
Social Sciences › Communication › News Media Framing and Political Communication
Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Electoral Systems and Political Participation
Keywords: selective exposure, political affiliation, Fox News, convolutional neural networks, NPR, political polarization, political participation, new media

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Red Media, Blue Media: Evidence of Ideological Selectivity in Media Use

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks