Smoking and structural brain deficits: a volumetric MR investigation
Abstract
Growing evidence from animal studies indicates brain‐damaging properties of nicotine exposure. Investigations in humans found a wide range of functional cerebral effects of nicotine and cigarette smoking, but studies focusing on brain damage are sparse. In 22 smokers and 23 never‐smokers possible differences of the cerebral structures were investigated using magnetic resonance imaging and voxel‐based morphometry. Significantly smaller grey matter volume and lower grey matter density (P = 0.05, corrected) were observed in the frontal regions (anterior cingulate, prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortex), the occipital lobe and the temporal lobe including parahippocampal gyrus, in smokers than in never‐smokers. Group differences of either grey matter volume or grey matter density were also found in the thalamus, cerebellum and substantia nigra, among other regions. Smokers did not show greater volumes than never‐smokers in any cerebral region. Magnitude of lifetime exposure to tobacco smoke (pack‐years) was inversely correlated with volume of frontal and temporal lobes and cerebellum (P = 0.001, uncorrected). The data indicate structural deficits of several cortical and subcortical regions in smokers relative to never‐smokers. The topographic profile of the group differences show some similarities to brain networks known to mediate drug reinforcement, attention and working memory processing. The present findings may explain in part the frequently reported cognitive dysfunctions in chronic cigarette consumers.
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Heavy nicotine use through smoking tobacco is linked to neuropathy, often appearing as prefrontal gray matter atrophy.
“Heavy nicotine use in the form of smoking tobacco has been linked to neuropathy (Brody, 2006), often manifesting as prefrontal gray matter atrophy (Gallinat et al., 2006; Zhang et al., 2011).”
From Substance abuse and white matter: Findings, limitations, and future of diffusion tensor imaging research (2019) · cites this paper as Gallinat et al., 2006
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- Authors
- Gallinat, J., Meisenzahl, E., Jacobsen, L. K., Kalus, P., Bierbrauer, J., Kienast, T., Witthaus, H., Leopold, K., Seifert, F., Schubert, F., & Staedtgen, M.
- Affiliations
- St. Hedwig-Krankenhaus (DE)
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
- Yale University (US)
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (DE)
- Venue
- European Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2006-09
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1744-1750
- ISSN
- 0953-816X (ISSN-L)
- 1460-9568
- OpenAlex
- W2166367939
- Cited by
- 330
- References
- 87
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 5.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Keywords
- cigarette smoking, nicotine, brain structure, gray matter volume, gray matter density, frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parahippocampal gyrus, thalamus, cerebellum, substantia nigra, pack-years, cognitive impairment
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Smoking
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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