Cited by 330Smoking Behavior and CessationNicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors StudyPrenatal Substance Exposure Effects

Smoking and structural brain deficits: a volumetric MR investigation

Gallinat, Jürgen, Meisenzahl, Eva, Jacobsen, Leslie K., Kalus, Peter, Bierbrauer, Jeffrey, Kienast, Thorsten, Witthaus, Henning, Leopold, Karolina +3 more·2006·European Journal of Neuroscience

Abstract

Growing evidence from animal studies indicates brain‐damaging properties of nicotine exposure. Investigations in humans found a wide range of functional cerebral effects of nicotine and cigarette smoking, but studies focusing on brain damage are sparse. In 22 smokers and 23 never‐smokers possible differences of the cerebral structures were investigated using magnetic resonance imaging and voxel‐based morphometry. Significantly smaller grey matter volume and lower grey matter density (P = 0.05, corrected) were observed in the frontal regions (anterior cingulate, prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortex), the occipital lobe and the temporal lobe including parahippocampal gyrus, in smokers than in never‐smokers. Group differences of either grey matter volume or grey matter density were also found in the thalamus, cerebellum and substantia nigra, among other regions. Smokers did not show greater volumes than never‐smokers in any cerebral region. Magnitude of lifetime exposure to tobacco smoke (pack‐years) was inversely correlated with volume of frontal and temporal lobes and cerebellum (P = 0.001, uncorrected). The data indicate structural deficits of several cortical and subcortical regions in smokers relative to never‐smokers. The topographic profile of the group differences show some similarities to brain networks known to mediate drug reinforcement, attention and working memory processing. The present findings may explain in part the frequently reported cognitive dysfunctions in chronic cigarette consumers.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.05050.x

Cites

85 of 85 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

2 of the 87 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Gallinat J., 2006, Abnormal hippocampal neurochemistry in smokers. Evidence from Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 3 Tesla, J. Clin. Psychopharmacol.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Gallinat, J., Meisenzahl, E., Jacobsen, L. K., Kalus, P., Bierbrauer, J., Kienast, T., Witthaus, H., Leopold, K., Seifert, F., Schubert, F., & Staedtgen, M.
Affiliations
  • St. Hedwig-Krankenhaus (DE)
  • Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
  • Yale University (US)
  • Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (DE)
Venue
European Journal of Neuroscience
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2006-09
Volume
24
Issue
6
Pages
1744-1750
ISSN
  • 0953-816X (ISSN-L)
  • 1460-9568
OpenAlex
W2166367939
Cited by
330
References
87
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 23
FWCI
5.71
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • European Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
Keywords
cigarette smoking, nicotine, brain structure, gray matter volume, gray matter density, frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parahippocampal gyrus, thalamus, cerebellum, substantia nigra, pack-years, cognitive impairment
MeSH terms
Adult, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Smoking

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review