Body mass index in midlife and late-life as a risk factor for dementia: A meta-analysis of prospective studies
Abstract
The relationship between body mass index (BMI) (in midlife and late-life) and dementia was investigated in meta-analyses of 16 articles reporting on 15 prospective studies. Follow-ups ranged from 3.2 to 36.0 years. Meta-analyses were conducted on samples including 25 624 participants evaluated for Alzheimer's disease (AD), 15 435 participants evaluated for vascular dementia (VaD) and 30 470 followed for any type of dementia (Any Dementia). Low BMI in midlife was associated with 1.96 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32, 2.92] times the risk of developing AD. The pooled relative risks for AD, VaD and Any Dementia for overweight BMI in midlife compared with normal BMI were 1.35 (95% CI:1.19, 1.54), 1.33 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.75) and 1.26 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.44), respectively. The pooled relative risks of AD and Any Dementia for obese BMI in midlife compared to normal BMI were 2.04 (95% CI: 1.59, 2.62) and 1.64 (95% CI: 1.34, 2.00), respectively. Continuous BMI in late-life was not associated with dementia. Small numbers of studies included in pooled analyses reduce generalizability of findings, and emphasize the need for publication of additional findings. We conclude that underweight, overweight and obesity in midlife increase dementia risk. Further research evaluating late-life BMI and dementia is required.
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Controllable risk factors for AD include obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and sedentary lifestyle.
“there are several controllable risk factors including obesity [156,157], hyperlipidemia [158,159], hypertension [160,161,162,163], type 2 diabetes [164,165,166,167], and sedentary lifestyle [168] that can be addressed in an effort to decrease the risk of developing AD.”
From Mitochondrial Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress and Alzheimer Disease (2020) · cites this paper as [156]
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- Authors
- Anstey, K. J., Cherbuin, N., Budge, M., & Young, J.
- Affiliations
- Australian National University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Anstey, K. J.
- Venue
- Obesity Reviews
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-04-27
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- e426-37
- ISSN
- 1467-7881 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-789X
- OpenAlex
- W1527171303
- Cited by
- 855
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 68 · 2023: 87 · 2022: 77 · 2021: 78 · 2020: 76 · 2019: 65 · 2018: 56 · 2017: 56 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 51 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 34
- FWCI
- 5.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Obesity Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Keywords
- body mass index, dementia risk, midlife obesity, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, obesity, overweight
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Alzheimer Disease, Dementia, Humans, Obesity, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Thinness, Dementia, Vascular, Comorbidity, Body Mass Index
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