Ethnic Discrimination in Germany’s Labour Market: A Field Experiment
Abstract
Abstract This paper studies ethnic discrimination in Germany’s labour market with a correspondence test. We send two similar applications to each of 528 advertisements for student internships, one with a Turkish-sounding and one with a German-sounding name. A German name raises the average probability of a callback by about 14%. Differential treatment is particularly strong and significant in smaller firms at which the applicant with the German name receives 24% more callbacks. Discrimination disappears when we restrict our sample to applications including reference letters which contain favourable information about the candidate’s personality. We interpret this finding as evidence for statistical discrimination.
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Kaas & Manger (2012) found no discrimination in a field experimental study in Germany when reference letters for applicants include positive information about the applicants.
“Correspondingly, Kaas & Manger (2012) find no discrimination in a field experimental study in Germany when reference letters for applicants include positive information about the applicants.”
From Comparative Perspectives on Racial Discrimination in Hiring: The Rise of Field Experiments (2021) · cites this paper as Kaas & Manger (2012)
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- Authors
- Kaas, L., & Manger, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Konstanz (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Kaas, Leo
- Manger, Christian
- ORCID
- Manger, Christian
- Venue
- German Economic Review
- Publisher
- Walter de Gruyter GmbH
- Published
- 2012-02-01
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-20
- ISSN
- 1465-6485 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-0475
- OpenAlex
- W1906367169
- Cited by
- 509
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 45 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 86.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- German Economic Review (publishedVersion)
- KOPS (University of Konstanz) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Names, Identity, and Discrimination Research
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Keywords
- ethnic discrimination, employment discrimination, correspondence test, name-based discrimination, callbacks, student internships, firm size, letters of recommendation, statistical discrimination, Germany
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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