Cited by 1,335Psychosomatic Disorders and Their TreatmentsHeart Rate Variability and Autonomic ControlTactile and Sensory Interactions

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Heart Beat Perception and Emotional Experience

Schandry, Rainer·1981·Psychophysiology

DOI 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1981.tb02486.x

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Abstract

ABSTRACT The main assumption of the present study is that emotional experience is coupled to perception of bodily processes. From this it is deduced that individuals who show good perception of heart activity tend to exhibit higher levels of a momentarily experienced emotion (in this case anxiety) and to score higher on the personality trait “Emotional Lability.” The aspect of cardiac awareness considered here is perception of heart beats. Subjects were instructed to count heart beats (only by concentrating on their body but not by taking their pulse) during a signalled time interval and the reported number of beats was then compared to the actual number of beats as extracted from the EKG. Additionally, skin conductance and respiration were recorded. During the experimental task (i.e., counting heart beats) increases in heart rate, respiration rate and number of spontaneous fluctuations in skin conductance were recorded. Groups of good and poor perceivers were formed on the basis of accuracy on the perception task. The two groups did not differ in heart rate; however, in State Anxiety and Emotional Lability, the group of good perceivers had significantly higher scores. The importance of visceroception for emotional experience is pointed out and the relevance for clinical psychology is discussed.

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Authors: Schandry, R.
Affiliations: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
Corresponding author: Schandry, Rainer
Venue: Psychophysiology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 1981-07
Volume: 18
Issue: 4
Pages: 483-488
ISSN: 0048-5772 (ISSN-L)
1469-8986
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1981.tb02486.x
OpenAlex: W2104552834
Cited by: 1,335
References: 9
Citations by year: 2026: 88 · 2025: 119 · 2024: 122 · 2023: 117 · 2022: 99 · 2021: 129 · 2020: 114 · 2019: 94 · 2018: 78 · 2017: 63 · 2016: 64 · 2015: 52 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 15
FWCI: 2.98
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 9344 d)
Locations: Psychophysiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
Keywords: visceral sensation, emotional experience, anxiety, emotional lability, state anxiety, skin conductance, respiration, heart rate, body awareness
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Emotions, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Perception, Personality

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