Interoception across modalities: on the relationship between cardiac awareness and the sensitivity for gastric functions
Open accessAbstract
The individual sensitivity for ones internal bodily signals ("interoceptive awareness") has been shown to be of relevance for a broad range of cognitive and affective functions. Interoceptive awareness has been primarily assessed via measuring the sensitivity for ones cardiac signals ("cardiac awareness") which can be non-invasively measured by heartbeat perception tasks. It is an open question whether cardiac awareness is related to the sensitivity for other bodily, visceral functions. This study investigated the relationship between cardiac awareness and the sensitivity for gastric functions in healthy female persons by using non-invasive methods. Heartbeat perception as a measure for cardiac awareness was assessed by a heartbeat tracking task and gastric sensitivity was assessed by a water load test. Gastric myoelectrical activity was measured by electrogastrography (EGG) and subjective feelings of fullness, valence, arousal and nausea were assessed. The results show that cardiac awareness was inversely correlated with ingested water volume and with normogastric activity after water load. However, persons with good and poor cardiac awareness did not differ in their subjective ratings of fullness, nausea and affective feelings after drinking. This suggests that good heartbeat perceivers ingested less water because they subjectively felt more intense signals of fullness during this lower amount of water intake compared to poor heartbeat perceivers who ingested more water until feeling the same signs of fullness. These findings demonstrate that cardiac awareness is related to greater sensitivity for gastric functions, suggesting that there is a general sensitivity for interoceptive processes across the gastric and cardiac modality.
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Increasing hunger through fasting appears to increase cardiac accuracy, suggesting potential overlap in the processing of these interoceptive signals.
“Increasing hunger through fasting also appears to increase cardiac accuracy, suggesting potential overlap in the processing of these interoceptive signals (Herbert, Herbert, et al., 2012).”
From Atypical interoception as a common risk factor for psychopathology: A review (2021) · cites this paper as Herbert, Herbert, et al., 2012
The Discussion reports an association between cardiac awareness and sensitivity to gastric fullness, supporting the suggested overlap between interoceptive signals. The Methods (Procedure) say all participants fasted for four hours before testing; the paper does not show that increasing hunger through fasting increased cardiac accuracy. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredElectrogastrography has been used to assess gastric activity non-invasively, with activity linked to neural responses in interoceptive regions and cardiac perception.
“Electrogastrography has also been used to assess gastric activity non-invasively, with activity being linked to neural responses in interoceptive regions (Rebollo et al., 2018) and cardiac perception (Herbert, Muth, et al., 2012), for example.”
From Atypical interoception as a common risk factor for psychopathology: A review (2021) · cites this paper as Herbert, Muth, et al., 2012
Participants' ability to perceive their heartbeat was negatively correlated with amount of water consumed in the original water load task.
“As such, participants’ ability to perceive their heartbeat was negatively correlated with amount of water consumed in the original water load task (Herbert, Muth, et al., 2012).”
From Atypical interoception as a common risk factor for psychopathology: A review (2021) · cites this paper as Herbert, Muth, et al., 2012
Some studies have found moderate correlations between perception of different internal states, such as heartbeat and gastric distension, or between rectal distention and both cold perception and heat-induced pain.
“Some studies have found moderate correlations between perception of different internal states, such as heartbeat and gastric distension (Herbert, Muth, et al., 2012; Van Dyck et al., 2016; Whitehead and Drescher, 1980), or between rectal distention and both cold perception and heat-induced pain (Horing et al., 2013).”
From Atypical interoception as a common risk factor for psychopathology: A review (2021) · cites this paper as Herbert, Muth, et al., 2012
The assumption that heartbeat detection serves as an indicator of general interoceptive awareness for bodily signals is still unresolved.
“Although HBD can be reliably detected, the assumption that HBD serves as an indicator of “general” IA for bodily signals is still unresolved (Herbert et al., 2012; Ferentzi et al., 2019).”
From Mindfulness, Interoception, and the Body: A Contemporary Perspective (2019) · cites this paper as Herbert et al., 2012
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- Authors
- Herbert, B. M., Muth, E. R., Pollatos, O., & Herbert, C.
- Affiliations
- Universitätsklinikum Tübingen (DE)
- Clemson University (US)
- University of Potsdam (DE)
- University of Würzburg (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Herbert, Beate M.
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2012-05-11
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- e36646
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3350494
- OpenAlex
- W2053715498
- Cited by
- 287
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 13.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- publish.UP (University of Potsdam) (submittedVersion)
- Online Publication Service of Würzburg University (Würzburg University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- interoception, interoceptive awareness, heartbeat perception, water load test, electrogastrography, gastric myoelectrical activity, satiety, nausea, visceral sensation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Awareness, Drinking, Electrocardiography, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Middle Aged, Psychophysiology, Sensation, Stomach, Young Adult
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