Cited by 263Smoking Behavior and CessationSubstance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesBehavioral Health and Interventions

Delay Discounting, Locus of Control, and Cognitive Impulsiveness Independently Predict Tobacco Dependence Treatment Outcomes in a Highly Dependent, Lower Socioeconomic Group of Smokers

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Sheffer, Christine, MacKillop, James, McGeary, John, Landes, Reid, Carter, Lawrence, Yi, Richard, Jones, Bryan, Christensen, Darren +3 more·2012·The American Journal on Addictions

Abstract

Tobacco use disproportionately affects lower socioeconomic status (SES) groups. Current explanations as to why lower SES groups respond less robustly to tobacco control efforts and tobacco dependence treatment do not fully account for this disparity. The identification of factors that predict relapse in this population might help to clarify these differences. Good candidates for novel prognostic factors include the constellation of behaviors associated with executive function including self‐control/impulsiveness, the propensity to delay reward, and consideration and planning of future events. This study examined the ability of several measures of executive function and other key clinical, psychological, and cognitive factors to predict abstinence for highly dependent lower SES participants enrolled in intensive cognitive‐behavioral treatment for tobacco dependence. Consistent with predictions, increased discounting and impulsiveness, an external locus of control as well as greater levels of nicotine dependence, stress, and smoking for negative affect reduction predicted relapse. These findings suggest that these novel factors are clinically relevant in predicting treatment outcomes and suggest new targets for therapeutic assessment and treatment approaches.(Am J Addict 2012;21:221–232)

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Crossref · 10.1111/j.1521-0391.2012.00224.x

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  • It is hypothesized that high working memory capacity enables people to use cognitive and other self-control strategies against maladaptive urges.

    “With respect to addictive behaviors, high WMC is hypothesized to allow use of cognitive and other self-control strategies to resist maladaptive urges”

    From A randomized controlled trial protocol for engaging distress tolerance and working memory to aid smoking cessation in low socioeconomic status (SES) adults (2020) · cites this paper as Sheffer et al, 2012

    The Introduction (page unavailable) hypothesizes that executive functions help people understand urges, regulate themselves, and respond to cognitive-behavioral treatment for tobacco dependence. It does not specifically attribute that ability to high working memory capacity, so the WMC-specific part of the claim is unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.83)

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  • In a low-SES sample, low working memory capacity is associated with a poorer response to smoking-cessation treatment.

    “and low WMC is linked to poorer response to smoking cessation treatment in a low-SES sample (Bickel, Jarmolowicz, Mueller, Gatchaljan, &McClure, 2012; Sheffer et al, 2012).”

    From A randomized controlled trial protocol for engaging distress tolerance and working memory to aid smoking cessation in low socioeconomic status (SES) adults (2020) · cites this paper as Sheffer et al, 2012

    The Methods (Measures; page unavailable) describe a cognitive battery with a memory domain, but do not identify a working-memory-capacity measure. The Results (Predictors of Treatment Response; page unavailable) link poorer abstinence in this lower-SES sample to cognitive impulsiveness, delay discounting, and other factors, not low working memory capacity. Searches for working memory, WMC, and memory as a predictor found no passage establishing the claimed association. (LLM, conf=0.75)

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1 of the 113 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. [22]Fals-Stewart W Schafer J The relationship between length of stay in drug-free therapeutic communities and neurocognitive functioning J Clin Psychol 1992 48 539 543 1325478
  2. [46]Rosenbaum M Argon S Locus of control and success in self-initiated attempts to stop smoking J Clin Psychol 1979 35 870 872 512019
  3. [72]Eysenck SBG Pearson PR Easting G Age norms for impulsiveness, venture-someness, and empathy for adults Pers Individ Dif 1985 6 613 619

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Authors
Sheffer, C., MacKillop, J., McGeary, J., Landes, R., Carter, L., Yi, R., Jones, B., Christensen, D., Stitzer, M., Jackson, L., & Bickel, W.
Affiliations
  • University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (US)
  • University of Georgia (US)
  • Brown University (US)
  • University of Maryland, College Park (US)
  • Kent State University (US)
  • Johns Hopkins University (US)
  • Carilion Clinic (US)
Venue
The American Journal on Addictions
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2012-04-06
Volume
21
Issue
3
Pages
221-232
ISSN
  • 1055-0496 (ISSN-L)
  • 1521-0391
OpenAlex
W2123851557
Cited by
263
References
113
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 59 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 7
FWCI
15.43
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • American Journal on Addictions (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • U.S. Public Health Service (NCRR20146)
  • National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (K23AA016936)
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse (L30 DA023847, R01DA022386, R01DA011692)
  • National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR029884)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
Keywords
tobacco dependence, delay discounting, locus of control, executive function, self-control, socioeconomic disparities, smoking cessation, recurrence prediction, nicotine dependence, stress, cognitive behavioral therapy, prognostic factors
MeSH terms
Adult, Female, Humans, Impulsive Behavior, Internal-External Control, Male, Middle Aged, Reward, Social Class, Tobacco Use Disorder, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Smoking Cessation, Treatment Outcome, Executive Function

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