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Bioavailability of resveratrol
Open accessAbstract
This paper reviews our current understanding of the absorption, bioavailability, and metabolism of resveratrol, with an emphasis on humans. The oral absorption of resveratrol in humans is about 75% and is thought to occur mainly by transepithelial diffusion. Extensive metabolism in the intestine and liver results in an oral bioavailability considerably less than 1%. Dose escalation and repeated dose administration of resveratrol does not appear to alter this significantly. Metabolic studies, both in plasma and in urine, have revealed major metabolites to be glucuronides and sulfates of resveratrol. However, reduced dihydroresveratrol conjugates, in addition to highly polar unknown products, may account for as much as 50% of an oral resveratrol dose. Although major sites of metabolism include the intestine and liver (as expected), colonic bacterial metabolism may be more important than previously thought. Deconjugation enzymes such as β‐glucuronidase and sulfatase, as well as specific tissue accumulation of resveratrol, may enhance resveratrol efficacy at target sites. Resveratrol analogs, such as methylated derivatives with improved bioavailability, may be important in future research.
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Oral absorption of resveratrol is approximately 75%, but unmetabolized resveratrol is not easy to identify in human plasma.
“Although oral absorption is approximately 75%, it is actually not easy to identify unmetabolized resveratrol in human plasma [32].”
From The Role of Resveratrol Administration in Human Obesity (2021) · cites this paper as [32]
Low oral bioavailability can be the reason scientists cannot replicate the beneficial effects of resveratrol against Alzheimer's disease in humans.
“The reason that scientists cannot replicate the beneficial effects of resveratrol against AD in humans can be its low oral bioavailability [222,223].”
From Multi-Target Mechanisms of Phytochemicals in Alzheimer’s Disease: Effects on Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Protein Aggregation (2022) · cites this paper as [223]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Walle, T.
- Affiliations
- Medical University of South Carolina (US)
- Corresponding author
- Walle, Thomas
- ORCID
- Walle, Thomas
- Venue
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-01
- Volume
- 1215
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 9-15
- ISSN
- 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-6632
- OpenAlex
- W1548494899
- Cited by
- 1,051
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 129 · 2025: 101 · 2024: 85 · 2023: 77 · 2022: 91 · 2021: 78 · 2020: 81 · 2019: 54 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 59 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 55 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 48 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 3.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Sirtuins and Resveratrol in Medicine
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems
- Keywords
- resveratrol, bioavailability, oral absorption, intestinal metabolism, hepatic metabolism, glucuronidation, sulfation, beta-glucuronidase, sulfatase, tissue accumulation, resveratrol analogues, dose escalation
- MeSH terms
- Absorption, Resveratrol, Animals, Biological Availability, Humans, Stilbenes
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