The true self and psychological health: emerging evidence and future directions

Schlegel, Rebecca J.; Hicks, Joshua A.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2011.00401.x

Cited by 148Psychological Well-being and Life SatisfactionIdentity, Memory, and TherapyPersonality Traits and Psychology

The true self and psychological health: emerging evidence and future directions

Schlegel, Rebecca J., Hicks, Joshua A.·2011·Social and Personality Psychology Compass

DOI 10.1111/j.1751-9004.2011.00401.x

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Abstract

Abstract A variety of philosophical and psychological perspectives converge to suggest that a happy and meaningful life is the product of living in accord with one’s true self. This idea similarly appears throughout literature, film, and folk wisdom. The current paper examines both theoretical and lay conceptions of the true self and reviews the empirical evidence that supports its role in psychological health, with a particular emphasis on current research that demonstrates that both the accessibility and ease of thinking about one’s true self‐concept is associated with the experiences of meaning and satisfaction. The merits of different approaches to defining the true self, measurement issues, and directions for future research are discussed.

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Authenticity has been associated with higher personal and interpersonal well-being.
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What Makes a Human Brand Authentic? Identifying the Antecedents of Celebrity Authenticity
Moulard, J. G., Garrity, C. P., & Rice, D. H. (2015) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.20771 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Grit and Different Aspects of Well-Being: Direct and Indirect Relationships via Sense of Coherence and Authenticity
Vainio, M. M., & Daukantaité, D. (2015) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-015-9688-7 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Toward a Social Psychology of Authenticity: Exploring Within-Person Variation in Autonomy, Congruence, and Genuineness Using Self-Determination Theory
Ryan, W. S., & Ryan, R. M. (2019) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/gpr0000162 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Understanding the Relationship Between Perceived Authenticity and Well-Being
Rivera, G. N., Christy, A. G., Kim, J., Vess, M., Hicks, J. A., & Schlegel, R. J. (2018) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/gpr0000161 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Self-citation
Sources and motives for personal meaning in adulthood
Fave, A. D., Brdar, I., Wissing, M. P., & Vella‐Brodrick, D. (2013) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2013.830761 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
The Relationship Between Body Image Concerns, Eating Disorders and Internet Use, Part II: An Integrated Theoretical Model
Rodgers, R. F. (2016) · Adolescent Research Review · doi:10.1007/s40894-015-0017-5 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Authenticity, employee silence, prohibitive voice, and the moderating effect of organizational identification
Knoll, M. S., & van Dick, R. (2013) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2013.804113 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Sketching the Contours of State Authenticity
Sedikides, C., Lenton, A. P., Slabu, L., & Thomaes, S. C. E. (2018) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/gpr0000156 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Authenticity as a eudaimonic construct: The relationships among authenticity, values, and valence
Smallenbroek, O., Zelenski, J. M., & Whelan, D. C. (2016) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2016.1187198 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Authenticity, meaning in life, and life satisfaction: A multicomponent investigation of relationships at the trait and state levels
Lutz, P. K., Newman, D. B., Schlegel, R. J., & Wirtz, D. (2022) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12753 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Mindful Self: A Mindfulness-Enlightened Self-view
Xiao, Q., Yue, C., He, W., & Yu, J.-Y. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01752 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Authenticity in Context: Being True to Working Selves
Chen, S. (2018) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/gpr0000160 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Coproduction with Autistic Adults: Reflections from the Authentistic Research Collective
Stark, E. A., Ali, D., Ayre, A., Schneider, N., Parveen, S., Marais, K., Holmes, N., & Pender, R. (2020) · Autism in Adulthood · doi:10.1089/aut.2020.0050 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
The importance of awareness, acceptance, and alignment with the self: A framework for understanding self-connection
Klussman, K., Curtin, N., Langer, J., & Nichols, A. (2022) · Europe’s Journal of Psychology · doi:10.5964/ejop.3707 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
It Takes Two to Be Yourself
Knoll, M. S., Meyer, B. M., Kroemer, N. B., & Schröder–Abé, M. (2015) · Journal of Individual Differences · doi:10.1027/1614-0001/a000153 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Straying From the Righteous Path and From Ourselves
Christy, A. G., Seto, E., Schlegel, R. J., Vess, M., & Hicks, J. A. (2016) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167216665095 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citation
To Discover or to Create: Metaphors and the True Self
Schlegel, R. J., Vess, M., & Arndt, J. (2011) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2011.00753.x · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citation
Self-concept clarity’s role in meaning in life among American college students: A latent growth approach‡
Shin, J., Steger, M., & Henry, K. L. (2016) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298868.2015.1111844 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Juggling work and home selves: Low identity integration feels less authentic and increases unethicality
Ebrahimi, M., Kouchaki, M., & Patrick, V. M. (2019) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2019.02.005 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Disassociating the Agent From the Self
Seto, E., & Hicks, J. A. (2016) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550616653810 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citation
Thinking about Change in the Self and Others: The Role of Self-Discovery Metaphors and the True Self
Bench, S. W., Schlegel, R. J., Davis, W. E., & Vess, M. (2015) · Social Cognition · doi:10.1521/soco.2015.33.3.2 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citation
Examining the effect of mindfulness on well-being: self-connection as a mediator
Klussman, K., Curtin, N., Langer, J., & Nichols, A. (2020) · Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology · doi:10.1017/prp.2019.29 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Authenticity and well-being: exploring positivity and negativity in interactions as a mediator
Baker, Z. G., Tou, R. Y. W., Bryan, J. L., & Knee, C. R. (2017) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.03.018 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
The role of work authenticity in linking strengths use to career satisfaction and proactive behavior: a two-wave study
Matsuo, M. (2020) · Career Development International · doi:10.1108/cdi-01-2020-0015 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
The Mediating Effect of Perceived Stress and Moderating Effect of Trust for the Relationship Between Employee Silence and Behavioral Outcomes
Dong, X. T., & Chung, Y. W. (2020) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/0033294120942914 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Varieties of Conscious Experience and the Subjective Awareness of One’s “True” Self
Vess, M. (2019) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1177/1089268019829471 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Proposal of a Double Diamond Model of Social Response
Nail, P. R., Domenico, S. I. D., & MacDonald, G. (2013) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0030997 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
True to which self? Lay rationalism and decision satisfaction in self-control conflicts.
Kokkoris, M. D., Hoelzl, E., & Alós‐Ferrer, C. (2019) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000242 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
The Evidence-Based Conceptual Model of Transactional Analysis: A Focused Review of the Research Literature
Vos, J., & van Rijn, B. (2021) · Transactional Analysis Journal · doi:10.1080/03621537.2021.1904364 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
A Longitudinal Study on Motherhood and Well-Being: Developmental and Clinical Implications
Fave, A. D., Pozzo, M., Bassi, M., & Cetin, I. (2013) · Terapia psicológica · doi:10.4067/s0718-48082013000100003 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Authenticity and inauthenticity in narrative identity
Wilt, J. A., Thomas, S., & McAdams, D. P. (2019) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02178 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Meaning as inter-connectedness: theoretical perspectives and empirical evidence
Fave, A. D., & Soosai-Nathan, L. (2014) · Journal of Psychology in Africa · doi:10.1080/14330237.2014.904090 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Authenticity and self-esteem across temporal horizons
Davis, W. E., Hicks, J. A., Schlegel, R. J., Smith, C. M., & Vess, M. (2014) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2014.910830 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
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Addiction, Identity, Morality
Earp, B. D., Skorburg, J. A., Everett, J. A. C., & Savulescu, J. (2019) · AJOB Empirical Bioethics · doi:10.1080/23294515.2019.1590480 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Reflections on the Scientific Study of Meaning in Life
Schlegel, R. J., & Hicks, J. A. (2016) · Journal of Constructivist Psychology · doi:10.1080/10720537.2015.1119080 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citation
True self-alienation positively predicts reports of mindwandering
Vess, M., Leal, S. A., Hoeldtke, R. T., Schlegel, R. J., & Hicks, J. A. (2016) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2016.08.018 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citation
Perceiving a Stable Self-Concept Enables the Experience of Meaning in Life
Chu, C., & Lowery, B. S. (2023) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672221150234 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Guilty, But Not Ashamed: “True” Self‐Conceptions Influence Affective Responses to Personal Shortcomings
Vess, M., Schlegel, R. J., Hicks, J. A., & Arndt, J. (2013) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12046 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citation
The expression of the true self in the online world: a literature review
Hu, C., Kumar, S., Huang, J., & Ratnavelu, K. (2019) · Behavior and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2019.1685596 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Authenticity, presence of meaning, and struggle with ultimate meaning: Nuanced between-and within-person associations
Wilt, J. A., Grubbs, J. B., Exline, J. J., & Pargäment, K. I. (2021) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2021.104104 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Becoming your true self: Perceptions of authenticity across the lifespan
Seto, E., & Schlegel, R. J. (2017) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298868.2017.1322530 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Role of Self-Connection in the Relationship between Mindfulness and Meaning: A Longitudinal Examination.
Klussman, K., Nichols, A., & Langer, J. (2020) · Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12200 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
The daydreamer: Exploring the personality underpinnings of daydreaming styles and their implications for well-being
Blouin‐Hudon, E. C., & Zelenski, J. M. (2016) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2016.07.007 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Online authenticity, popularity, and the “Real Me” in a microblogging environment
Lim, J. S., Nicholson, J., Yang, S., & Kim, H.-K. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.05.037 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Quiet Flourishing: The Authenticity and Well-Being of Trait Introverts Living in the West Depends on Extraversion-Deficit Beliefs
Lawn, R. B., Slemp, G. R., & Vella‐Brodrick, D. (2018) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-018-0037-5 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Exploring potential mechanisms underpinning the therapeutic effects of surfing
Moreton, S. G., Brennan, M. K., Nicholls, V. I., Wolf, I. D., & Muir, D. L. (2021) · Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning · doi:10.1080/14729679.2021.1884104 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Authenticity and subjective well-being: The mediating role of mindfulness
Zheng, S., Sun, S., Huang, C., & Zou, Z. (2019) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2019.103900 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Goals as identities: Boosting perceptions of healthy-eater identity for easier goal pursuit
Dominick, J. K., & Cole, S. (2020) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-020-09824-8 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
The cognitive complexity of a happy life, a meaningful life, and a psychologically rich life
Oishi, S., Westgate, E. C., & Cha, Y. (2024) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2024.104475 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
The Authentic Moral Self: Dynamic Interplay between Perceived Authenticity and Moral Behaviors in the Workplace
Zhang, H., Chen, K., Schlegel, R. J., Hicks, J. A., & Chen, C. (2019) · Collabra Psychology · doi:10.1525/collabra.260 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citation
Consequences of enactment and concealment for felt authenticity: Understanding the effects of stigma through self‐distancing and motive fulfillment
Crabtree, M. A., & Pillow, D. R. (2020) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2680 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Authenticity at work: a moderated mediation analysis
Kuntz, J., & Abbott, M. (2017) · International journal of organizational analysis · doi:10.1108/ijoa-02-2017-1125 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Diversity and consumer behavior
Henderson, G. R., & Rank‐Christman, T. (2016) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.01.006 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Examining the True Self as a Wellspring of Meaning
Schlegel, R. J., Smith, C. M., & Hirsch, K. A. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6527-6_14 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citation
Critical reflection and global citizenship education: exploring the views and experiences of teacher educators
O’Flaherty, J., McCormack, O., Lenihan, R., & Young, A.-M. (2024) · Reflective Practice · doi:10.1080/14623943.2024.2421598 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Voice More and Be Happier: How Employee Voice Influences Psychological Well-Being in the Workplace
Xu, J., Xie, B., Yang, Y., & Li, L. (2021) · International Journal of Mental Health Promotion · doi:10.32604/ijmhp.2021.013518 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Let the Music Play: Live Music Fosters Collective Effervescence and Leads to Lasting Positive Outcomes
Koefler, N., Naidu, E. S., Gabriel, S., Schneider, V., Pascuzzi, G. S., & Paravati, E. (2024) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672241288027 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Predicting well-being in managers: Test of a positive psychology model
Lopez, F. G., & Ramos, K. (2015) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2015.1092571 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Personal Identity
Shoemaker, D., & Tobia, K. P. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198871712.013.28 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self‐connection and well‐being: Development and validation of a self‐connection scale
Klussman, K., Nichols, A., Curtin, N., Langer, J., & Orehek, E. (2021) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2812 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Social anxiety and MDMA-assisted therapy investigation: a novel clinical trial protocol
Lear, M. K., Smith, S. M., Pilecki, B. C., Stauffer, C. S., & Luoma, J. B. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1083354 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Following one's true self and the sacredness of cultural values
Kim, J., Christy, A. G., Rivera, G. N., Schlegel, R. J., & Hicks, J. A. (2018) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2018.01.001 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citation
How does money make life meaningful? Socioeconomic status, financial self-efficacy, and meaning in life
Ward, S., & Kim, J. (2022) · Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2022.2154694 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Meaning in life mediates the effects of sense of self and prosocial behaviours on anhedonia: A path analysis.
Demir-Kassem, S., Frey, A.-L., & McCabe, C. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.09.106 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Who am I and how often?: Variation in self-essentialism beliefs, cognitive style, and well-being
Dulaney, E. S., Graupmann, V., & Quinn, K. A. (2017) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.10.011 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
On the dynamics of intersectional (in)visibility: Women early career researchers negotiating authenticity at work
Torbor, M., Sarpong, D., Maclean, M., & Fletcher, L. (2025) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/00187267251323854 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Decision making as a pedagogy for social emotional learning
Moore, B., & Gregory, R. (2024) · Social and Emotional Learning Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1016/j.sel.2024.100034 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
MDMA-Assisted Therapy as a Means to Alter Affective, Cognitive, Behavioral, and Neurological Systems Underlying Social Dysfunction in Social Anxiety Disorder
Luoma, J., & Lear, M. K. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.733893 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
The Self of Sundanese Ethnic: Interdependent Construal and Religious Self
Ninin, R. H. (2015) · Asian Social Science · doi:10.5539/ass.v11n16p1 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
The Experience of the Authentic Self: A Cooperative Inquiry
Sohmer, O. R. (2020) · Journal of Humanistic Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022167820952339 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The impact of trait introversion-extraversion and identity on state authenticity: Debating the benefits of extraversion
Bossom, I. R. L., & Zelenski, J. M. (2022) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2022.104208 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Mental health in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal examination of the ameliorating effect of meaning salience
Klussman, K., Nichols, A., & Langer, J. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01538-5 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Higher power dynamics: How meaning search and self-transcendence inspire approach motivation and magnanimity
McGregor, I., Tran, A., Auger, É., Britton, E., Hayes, J., Elnakouri, A., Eftekhari, E., Sharpinskyi, K., Arbiv, O. A., & Nash, K. A. (2022) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2022.104350 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Why is authenticity associated with being and acting extraverted? Exploring the mediating role of positive affect
Wilt, J. A., Sun, J., Jacques-Hamilton, R., & Smillie, L. D. (2023) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298868.2023.2246672 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Grit and Different Aspects of Well-being: Direct and Indirect Effects via Sense of Coherence and Authenticity
Tiittanen, M. (2014) · Lund University Publications Student Papers (Lund University) · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Consider the tumor: Brain tumors decrease punishment via perceptions of free will
Stinnett, A. J., & Alquist, J. L. (2022) · Philosophical Psychology · doi:10.1080/09515089.2022.2052830 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
The Holiness of Wholeness: Religious Contributions to Human Flourishing
Pargäment, K. I., Wong, S., & Exline, J. J. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190064570.013.31 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Centering Social Fit, Self-Concept Fit, Goal Fit, and Resource Fit as Core Elements of Students’ Experiences of Belonging at School
Browman, A. (2025) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-025-10009-3 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Emulating future neurotechnology using magic
Olson, J. A., Cyr, M., Artenie, D. Z., Strandberg, T., Hall, L., Tompkins, M. L., Raz, A., & Johansson, P. (2022) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2022.103450 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
What’s Stopping Us from Connecting with Ourselves? A Qualitative Examination of Barriers to Self-Connection
Klussman, K., Langer, J., Nichols, A., & Curtin, N. (2020) · International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology · doi:10.1007/s41042-020-00031-x · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Integrating Guilt and Shame into the Self-Concept: The Influence of Future Opportunities
Choi, H. (2024) · Behavioral Science · doi:10.3390/bs14060472 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Unknowing as a Methodological Tool: Autism, Authenticity, and Epistemic Injustice
Jackson‐Perry, D. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-66127-3_22 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Deleterious effects of unchosen solitude on adolescents' mental and social health: The moderating role of self‐esteem
Delelis, G. (2023) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/sjop.12930 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Missing, or Just Missed? Mediating Loss in the Missing Richard Simmons Podcast
Boling, K. S., Hull, K., & Moscowitz, L. (2019) · Journal of radio & audio media · doi:10.1080/19376529.2019.1682585 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The true self and existential structure? Unexpected effects of mortality salience and personal need for structure on belief in a true self
Christy, A., Sanders, C. S., Vess, M., Routledge, C., & Schlegel, R. J. (2017) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298868.2016.1269669 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citation
Sources of Life Strengths Appraisal Scale: A Multidimensional Approach to Assessing Older Adults’ Perceived Sources of Life Strengths
Fry, P. S., & Debats, D. L. (2014) · Journal of Aging Research · doi:10.1155/2014/783637 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Compassion is partially selfless: Public self-concept accessibility following compassion and threat
DeLury, S. S., Buffone, A. E. K., Ministero, L. M., & Poulin, M. J. (2018) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298868.2018.1554541 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Addiction, Identity, MoralityPreprint
Earp, B. D., Skorburg, J. A., Everett, J. A. C., & Savulescu, J. (2018) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/evm84 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Depression, Ataraxia, and the Pig
Salje, L. (2021) · Australasian Journal of Philosophy · doi:10.1080/00048402.2021.2005106 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
"Know Thyself": A Review of True Self
Du, J. (2020) · Psychology and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.11648/j.pbs.20200903.11 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Positive Psychology, Positive L2 Self, and L2 Motivation: A Longitudinal Investigation
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Authors: Schlegel, R. J., & Hicks, J. A.
Affiliations: Texas A&M University (US)
ORCID: Schlegel, Rebecca J.
Hicks, Joshua A.
Venue: Social and Personality Psychology Compass
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2011-12
Volume: 5
Issue: 12
Pages: 989-1003
ISSN: 1751-9004 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-9004.2011.00401.x
OpenAlex: W2171116031
Cited by: 148
References: 125
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 7
FWCI: 5.21
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 1 d)
Locations: Social and Personality Psychology Compass (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Keywords: true self, self-concept, mental health, meaning in life, life satisfaction

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The true self and psychological health: emerging evidence and future directions

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