Cited by 875Resilience and Mental HealthPosttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchStress Responses and Cortisol

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The Science of Resilience: Implications for the Prevention and Treatment of Depression

Southwick, Steven M., Charney, Dennis S.·2012·Science

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Abstract

Human responses to stress and trauma vary widely. Some people develop trauma-related psychological disorders, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression; others develop mild to moderate psychological symptoms that resolve rapidly; still others report no new psychological symptoms in response to traumatic stress. Individual variability in how animals and humans respond to stress and trauma depends on numerous genetic, developmental, cognitive, psychological, and neurobiological risk and protective factors.

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Background
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Background
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Background
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Earthquake Exposure and PTSD Symptoms Among Disaster-Exposed Adolescents: A Moderated Mediation Model of Sleep Problems and Resilience
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“Compared with those with lower levels of resilience, high-resilient individuals often adopt adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies, such as positive reappraisal, acceptance, positive distancing, and refocus on planning (35, 36), all of which can help survivors to regulate themselves in the face of sleep prob…”
Background
Not all stressors are equal: Early social enrichment favors resilience to social but not physical stress in male mice
Branchi, I., Santarelli, S., D’Andrea, I., & Alleva, E. (2013) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2013.01.003 · Cited by 55
“For instance, while a serious life-threatening stress may not affect some individuals, a milder stress may trigger depression in others (Southwick and Charney, 2012).”
The relationship among resilience, rumination and posttraumatic growth in hemodialysis patients in North China
Li, T., Liu, T., Han, J., Zhang, M., Li, Z., Zhu, Q., & Wang, A. (2017) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2017.1384553 · Cited by 55
“Resilience is viewed as a personality trait and an individual’s ability to maintain physical and emotional individuals’ well-being under stressful conditions (Bonanno, Westphal, & Mancini, 2011; Scali et al., 2012; Southwick & Charney, 2012).”
Background
Resilience and Cognitive Function in Patients With Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder, and Healthy Controls
Deng, M., Pan, Y., Zhou, L., Chen, X., Liu, C., Huang, X., Tao, H., Pu, W., Wu, G., Hu, X., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00279 · Cited by 52
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“Social support, optimism, and hope have been cited as essential resilience-promoting factors (Assad, Donnellan, & Conger, 2007; Frappell-Cooke, Gulina, Green, Hughes, & Greenberg, 2010; Rushton, Batcheller, Schroeder, & Donohue, 2015; Southwick & Charney, 2012a, 2012b).”
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Strategies to Attain Faculty Work-Life Balance
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“While one strategy may have mild to moderate effect, they each are important in supporting the scaffold of building stress resilience (Southwick & Charney, 2012).”
Background
Opposing Associations of Stress and Resilience With Functional Outcomes in Stroke Survivors in the Chronic Phase of Stroke: A Cross-Sectional Study
Gyawali, P., Chow, W. Z., Hinwood, M., Kluge, M. G., English, C., Ong, L. K., Nilsson, M., & Walker, F. R. (2020) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00230 · Cited by 51
A tale of two transmitters: serotonin and histamine as in vivo biomarkers of chronic stress in mice
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Psychotic-like experiences and associated socio-demographic factors among adolescents in China
Sun, M., Hu, X., Zhang, W., Guo, R., Hu, A., Mwansisya, T. E., Zhou, L., Liu, C., Chen, X., Huang, X., et al. (2015) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2015.05.031 · Cited by 51
Control over a stressor involves the posterior dorsal striatum and the act/outcome circuit
Amat, J., Christianson, J. P., Aleksejev, R. M., Kim, J., Richeson, K. R., Watkins, L. R., & Maier, S. F. (2014) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.12609 · Cited by 50
“Stress exposure plays a role in the etiology of numerous disorders, but not all individuals are equally susceptible (Maier et al., 2006; Southwick and Charney, 2012).”
Background
Association between morningness and resilience in Korean college students
Lee, S.-J., Park, C., Kim, B., Lee, C.-S., Cha, B., Lee, Y. J., Soh, M., Park, J. A., Young, P. S., & Song, E. H. (2016) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2016.1220387 · Cited by 52
“Although sleep quality is another factor that can potentially influence resilience (Pedersen et al., 2015; Southwick & Charney, 2012), it was only recently found to be significantly associated with resilience (Liu et al., 2015).”
Background
Effects of resilience on quality of life in patients with bipolar disorder.
Lee, D.-Y., Cha, B., Park, C.-S., Kim, B., Lee, C.-S., Lee, S.-J., Seo, J., Cho, Y.-A., Ha, J.-H., & Choi, J.-W. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.075 · Cited by 51
The Association between Resilience and Psychological Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Jeamjitvibool, T., Duangchan, C., Mousa, A., & Mahikul, W. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192214854 · Cited by 48
“Resilience refers to the ability to cope with adversity and to adapt to major life events [23,24].”
Background
Effectiveness of a Mobile Device–Based Resilience Training Program in Reducing Depressive Symptoms and Enhancing Resilience and Quality of Life in Parents of Children With Cancer: Randomized Controlled Trial
Luo, Y., Xia, W., Cheung, A. T., Ho, L. L. K., Zhang, J., Xie, J., Xiao, P., & Li, W. H. C. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/27639 · Cited by 54
“Individuals with high levels of resilience are more likely to believe that they have the skills to deal with an adverse situation and to appraise the situation as a challenge to overcome [45].”
Prefrontal endocannabinoids, stress controllability and resilience: A hypothesis
Worley, N. B., Hill, M. N., & Christianson, J. P. (2017) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.04.004 · Cited by 51
microRNA and mRNA profiles in the amygdala are associated with stress-induced depression and resilience in juvenile mice
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Neither antecedent nor consequence: Developmental integration of chronic stress, pubertal timing, and conditionally adapted stress response
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Resilience is associated with low psychological distress in renal transplant recipients.
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The Relationship between Self-Perceived Burden and Posttraumatic Growth among Colorectal Cancer Patients: The Mediating Effects of Resilience
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The effect of positive childhood experiences on adult personality psychopathology
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Changes in psychotic-like experiences and related influential factors in technical secondary school and college students during COVID-19
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Increased temporal variability of striatum region facilitating the early antidepressant response in patients with major depressive disorder
Hou, Z., Kong, Y., He, X., Yin, Y., Zhang, Y., & Yuan, Y. (2018) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.03.026 · Cited by 45
Developing a tool for measuring the disaster resilience of healthcare rescuers: a modified Delphi study
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Rademacher, L., Kraft, D., Eckart, C., & Fiebach, C. J. (2022) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-022-01779-4 · Cited by 57
“2007; Southwick & Charney, 2012) suggests that greater mental flexibility, or a greater efficiency of the mental processes involved in flexibly engaging and disengaging from different task demands, helps to regulate stress and negative emotions more effectively.”
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Improving Sleep to Improve Stress Resilience
Martire, V. L., Berteotti, C., Zoccoli, G., & Bastianini, S. (2024) · Current Sleep Medicine Reports · doi:10.1007/s40675-024-00274-z · Cited by 52
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Authors: Southwick, S. M., & Charney, D. S.
Affiliations: United States Department of Veterans Affairs (US)
Mount Sinai Hospital (US)
Corresponding author: Charney, Dennis S.
ORCID: Southwick, Steven M.
Charney, Dennis S.
Venue: Science
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published: 2012-10-05
Volume: 338
Issue: 6103
Pages: 79-82
ISSN: 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.1222942
OpenAlex: W1996620918
Cited by: 875
References: 19
Citations by year: 2026: 40 · 2025: 86 · 2024: 90 · 2023: 62 · 2022: 95 · 2021: 78 · 2020: 73 · 2019: 79 · 2018: 57 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 2
FWCI: 41.03
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Keywords: resilience, depression, depression prevention, depression treatment, stress response, trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder, interindividual variability, risk and protective factors, genetic factors, neurobiology of stress
MeSH terms: Animals, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Resilience, Psychological

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The Science of Resilience: Implications for the Prevention and Treatment of Depression

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