Neural control of maternal and paternal behaviors
Open accessAbstract
Parental care, including feeding and protection of young, is essential for the survival as well as mental and physical well-being of the offspring. A large variety of parental behaviors has been described across species and sexes, raising fascinating questions about how animals identify the young and how brain circuits drive and modulate parental displays in males and females. Recent studies have begun to uncover a striking antagonistic interplay between brain systems underlying parental care and infant-directed aggression in both males and females, as well as a large range of intrinsic and environmentally driven neural modulation and plasticity. Improved understanding of the neural control of parental interactions in animals should provide novel insights into the complex issue of human parental care in both health and disease.
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Oxytocin in the amygdala might flexibly switch circuit function depending on situational relevance.
“Thus, rather than just decreasing (or increasing) the tendency to freeze or engage, oxytocin in the amygdala might flexibly switch circuit function depending on situational relevance”
From Oxytocin, Neural Plasticity, and Social Behavior (2021) · cites this paper as Dulac et al. 2014
In “Neural circuits underlying parental interactions” (page unavailable), the paper describes opposing parental-care and aversion circuits that change with physiological or environmental conditions, and separately identifies oxytocin as a regulator of parental care. It says the medial amygdala mediates avoidance responses, but does not say that oxytocin acts there to switch circuit function according to situational relevance. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredOxytocin, released by the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), is a critical maternal hormone.
“Oxytocin1,2,9–15, which is released by the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), is a critical maternal hormone.”
From Oxytocin neurons enable social transmission of maternal behaviour (2021) · cites this paper as [2]
In primates, including humans, non-biological parents can learn to care for children after instruction or observation of experienced caretakers and infants.
“In primates, including humans, non-biological parents can learn to care for children after instruction or observation of experienced caretakers and infants1–8.”
From Oxytocin neurons enable social transmission of maternal behaviour (2021) · cites this paper as [2]
Oxytocin mediates physiological and psychosocial events surrounding mammalian birth, including uterine contractions, lactation, and maternal bonding.
“Oxytocin mediates both physiological and psychosocial events surrounding mammalian birth, including uterine contractions, initiation of lactation, and maternal bonding1,2.”
From Vascular RAGE transports oxytocin into the brain to elicit its maternal bonding behaviour in mice (2019) · cites this paper as [2]
Oxytocin is important for maternal physiology and childcare, including parturition and milk ejection during nursing.
“Oxytocin is a neuropeptide that is important for maternal physiology and childcare, including parturition and milk ejection during nursing1–6.”
From Neural circuitry for maternal oxytocin release induced by infant cries (2023) · cites this paper as [5]
Peripheral oxytocin is important for milk ejection during nursing and uterine contractions during labour.
“Peripheral oxytocin is important for milk ejection during nursing and uterine contractions during labour”
From Neural circuitry for maternal oxytocin release induced by infant cries (2023) · cites this paper as [5]
Suckling triggers the release of oxytocin.
“Suckling triggers the release of oxytocin, but other sensory cues—specifically, infant cries—can increase the levels of oxytocin in new human mothers7”
From Neural circuitry for maternal oxytocin release induced by infant cries (2023) · cites this paper as [5]
Central oxytocin release is involved in behaviours including reproduction, parental care and pair bonding.
“whereas oxytocin release in the central nervous system is involved in a wide range of behaviours including reproduction, parental care and pair bonding5,6.”
From Neural circuitry for maternal oxytocin release induced by infant cries (2023) · cites this paper as [5]
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Self-citationOxytocin enables maternal behaviour by balancing cortical inhibition
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“Thus, rather than just decreasing (or increasing) the tendency to freeze or engage, oxytocin in the amygdala might flexibly switch circuit function depending on situational relevance (Dulac et al. 2014).”
BackgroundPlasticity of Cortical Excitatory-Inhibitory Balance
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- Authors
- Dulac, C., O’Connell, L. A., & Wu, Z.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dulac, Catherine
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2014-08-15
- Volume
- 345
- Issue
- 6198
- Pages
- 765-770
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- PMC
- PMC4230532
- OpenAlex
- W2160133414
- Cited by
- 457
- References
- 95
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 5
- FWCI
- 4.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (R01DC009019, R01DC013087)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Keywords
- parental care, maternal behavior, paternal behavior, neural circuits, sex differences, neuroplasticity, offspring recognition
- MeSH terms
- Aggression, Animals, Brain, Cues, Biological Evolution, Female, Humans, Male, Maternal Behavior, Models, Neurological, Neural Pathways, Neurons, Paternal Behavior, Sensation, Parenting
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