The Tragedy of the Commons: The population problem has no technical solution; it requires a fundamental extension in morality.

Hardin, Garrett·1968·Science

Cited by (154)

Items 101–154 of 154

  1. The Sustainability of Polycentric Information Commons1
    Mindel, Vitali, Mathiassen, Lars, Rai, Arun · 2018 · MIS Quarterly
  2. Caring for the future can turn tragedy into comedy for long-term collective action under risk of collapse
    Barfuss, Wolfram, Donges, Jonathan F., Vasconcelos, Vítor V., Kurths, Jürgen, Levin, Simon A. · 2020 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
  3. The effect of intergroup comparison on willingness to perform sustainable behavior.
    Ferguson, Mark A., Branscombe, Nyla R., Reynolds, Katherine J. · 2011 · Journal of Environmental Psychology
  4. Money and the Commons: An Investigation of Complementary Currencies and Their Ethical Implications
    Meyer, Camille, Hudon, Marek · 2019 · Journal of Business Ethics
  5. Combination of institutional incentives for cooperative governance of risky commons
    Sun, Weiwei, Liu, Linjie, Chen, Xiaojie, Szolnoki, Attila, Vasconcelos, Vítor V. · 2021 · iScience
  6. Historical Ecologies of Pastoralist Overgrazing in Kenya: Long-Term Perspectives on Cause and Effect
    Boles, Oliver J. C., Shoemaker, Anna, Courtney Mustaphi, Colin J., Petek, Nik, Ekblom, Anneli, Lane, Paul J. · 2019 · Human Ecology
  7. 6. Tracking through drought: options for destocking and restocking
    Toulmin, Camilla · 1995 · Living with Uncertainty
  8. Nonprofit organizations and their local affiliates: A study in organizational forms
    Oster, Sharon M. · 1996 · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization
  9. Climate variability and tropical tuna: Management challenges for highly migratory fish stocks
    Miller, Kathleen A. · 2007 · Marine Policy
  10. Robustness of norm-driven cooperation in the commons
    Schlüter, Maja, Tavoni, Alessandro, Levin, Simon · 2016 · Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
  11. Cognitive Biases
    (Hans) Korteling, J.E., Toet, Alexander · 2022 · Encyclopedia of Behavioral Neuroscience, 2nd edition
  12. Marine wild-capture fisheries after nuclear war
    Scherrer, Kim J. N., Harrison, Cheryl S., Heneghan, Ryan F., Galbraith, Eric, Bardeen, Charles G., Coupe, Joshua, Jägermeyr, Jonas, Lovenduski, Nicole S., Luna, August, Robock, Alan et al. · 2020 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
  13. War and deforestation in Sierra Leone
    Burgess, Robin, Miguel, Edward, Stanton, Charlotte · 2015 · Environmental Research Letters
  14. Autocurricula and the Emergence of Innovation from Social Interaction: A Manifesto for Multi-Agent Intelligence Research
    Leibo, Joel Z., Hughes, Edward, Lanctot, Marc, Graepel, Thore · 2019 · arXiv
  15. Foundations of the Ostrom workshop: institutional analysis, polycentricity, and self-governance of the commons
    McGinnis, Michael D., Walker, James M. · 2010 · Public Choice
  16. Insolvent: How to Reorient Computing for Just Sustainability
    Becker, Christoph · 2023
  17. Rumen Symbioses
    Mizrahi, Itzhak · 2013 · The Prokaryotes
  18. Social Sustainability in Metropolitan Areas: Accessibility and Equity in the Case of the Metropolitan Area of Valencia (Spain)
    Pitarch-Garrido, Maria-Dolores · 2018 · Sustainability
  19. The illusion of the digital commons: 'False consciousness' in online alternative economies
    Ossewaarde, Marinus, Reijers, Wessel · 2017 · Organization
  20. How can we trust a robot?
    Kuipers, Benjamin · 2018 · Communications of the ACM
  21. Mining beyond earth for sustainable development: Will humanity benefit from resource extraction in outer space?
    Dallas, J.A., Raval, S., Gaitan, J.P. Alvarez, Saydam, S., Dempster, A.G. · 2020 · Acta Astronautica
  22. The evolution of cooperation in spatial public goods game with conditional peer exclusion
    Quan, Ji, Li, Xia, Wang, Xianjia · 2019 · Chaos An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science
  23. Aspiring to mitigate climate change: superordinate identity in global climate negotiations.
    Batalha, Luisa, Reynolds, Katherine J. · 2012 · Political Psychology
  24. The resource-conflict debate revisited: untangling the case of farmer–herdsman clashes in the north central region of Nigeria
    Akov, Emmanuel Terkimbi · 2017 · African Security Review
  25. The use of survey data to study migration-environment relationships in developing countries: alternative approaches to data collection
    Bilsborrow, Richard E., Henry, Sabine J. F. · 2012 · Population and Environment
  26. Early exclusion leads to cyclical cooperation in repeated group interactions
    Liu, Linjie, Xiao, Zhilong, Chen, Xiaojie, Szolnoki, Attila · 2022 · Journal of The Royal Society Interface
  27. Limited time perspective, values, and greed: Imagining a limited future reduces avarice in extrinsic people
    Cozzolino, Philip J., Sheldon, Kennon M., Schachtman, Todd R., Meyers, Lawrence S. · 2009 · Journal of Research in Personality
  28. Boom-bust patterns in the Brazilian Amazon
    Weinhold, Diana, Reis, Eustáquio J., Vale, Petterson Molina · 2015 · Global Environmental Change
  29. Data philanthropy and the design of the infraethics for information societies
    Taddeo, Mariarosaria · 2016 · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
  30. Social Diversity and Social Preferences in Mixed-Motive Reinforcement Learning
    McKee, Kevin R., Gemp, Ian, McWilliams, Brian, Duèñez-Guzmán, Edgar A., Hughes, Edward, Leibo, Joel Z. · 2020 · International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems
  31. Understanding recycling behavior: a study of motivational factors behind waste recycling
    Johansson, K. · 2016 · WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment
  32. Evolution of cooperation in a hierarchical society with corruption control
    Huang, Feng, Chen, Xiaojie, Wang, Long · 2018 · Journal of Theoretical Biology
  33. Stories in Action.
    Walsh, James, Vaida, Naomi, Coman, Alin, Fiske, Susan T. · 2022 · Psychological Science in the Public Interest
  34. Encouraging pro-environmental behaviors through children-based appeals: a kin selection perspective
    Palomo-Vélez, Gonzalo, Buczny, Jacek, Van Vugt, Mark · 2020 · Sustainability
  35. The Inviolate sea? Charles Elton and Biological Invasions in the World's Oceans
    Carlton, James T. · 2010 · Fifty Years of Invasion Ecology
  36. Learning Reciprocity in Complex Sequential Social Dilemmas
    Eccles, Tom, Hughes, Edward, Kramár, János, Wheelwright, Steven, Leibo, Joel Z. · 2019 · arXiv
  37. A solution to the biodiversity paradox by logical deterministic cellular automata
    Kalmykov, Lev V., Kalmykov, Vyacheslav L. · 2015 · Acta Biotheoretica
  38. Fishery management, development and food security in the Western and Central Pacific in the context of climate change
    Weng, Kevin C., Glazier, Ed, Nicol, Simon J., Hobday, Alistair J. · 2015 · Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography
  39. Response—Ecosystem Services: Free Lunch No More
    Kinzig, Ann P., Perrings, Charles, Chapin, F. Stuart, Polasky, Stephen, Smith, V. Kerry, Tilman, David, Turner, B. L. · 2012 · Science
  40. Sustaining Open Data as a Digital Common – Design principles for Common Pool Resources applied to Open Data Ecosystems
    Linåker, Johan, Runeson, Per · 2022 · Proceedings of the 18th International Symposium on Open Collaboration
  41. Translating Commons-Based Peer Production Values into Metrics
    De Filippi, Primavera · 2015 · Handbook of Digital Currency
  42. Deep reinforcement learning can promote sustainable human behaviour in a common-pool resource problem
    Koster, Raphael, Pîslar, Miruna, Tacchetti, Andrea, Balaguer, Jan, Liu, Leqi, Elie, Romuald, Hauser, Oliver P., Tuyls, Karl, Botvinick, Matt, Summerfield, Christopher · 2025 · Nature Communications
  43. Cooperation without punishment
    Battu, Balaraju, Rahwan, Talal · 2023 · Scientific Reports
  44. Signalling boosts the evolution of cooperation in repeated group interactions
    Martinez-Vaquero, Luis A., Santos, Francisco C., Trianni, Vito · 2020 · Journal of The Royal Society Interface
  45. What if properties are owned by No one or everyone? Foundation of blockchain enabled engineered ownership
    Wang, Hongyang, Hunhevicz, Jens, Hall, Daniel · 2022 · Computing in Construction
  46. Systems Thinking Exercises in Computing Education: Broadening the Scope of ICT and Sustainability
    Eriksson, Elina, Rivera, Miriam Börjesson, Hedin, Björn, Pargman, Daniel, Hasselqvist, Hanna · 2020 · Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on ICT for Sustainability
  47. The cost of noise: Stochastic punishment falls short of sustaining cooperation in social dilemma experiments
    Salahshour, Mohammad, Oberhauser, Vincent, Smerlak, Matteo · 2022 · PLOS ONE
  48. A search for commonalities in defining the common good: Using folk theories to unlock shared conceptions.
    Wheeler, Melissa A., Wilson, Samuel G., Baes, Naomi, Demsar, Vlad · 2024 · British Journal of Social Psychology
  49. The Tragedy of the Cognitive Commons: How AI Could Disrupt the Regeneration of Professional Expertise
    Lovett, Nolan · 2026 · Human Resource Development Review
  50. Open Challenges in Multi-Agent Security: Towards Secure Systems of Interacting AI Agents
    de Witt, Christian Schroeder, Krawiecka, Klaudia, Krawczuk, Igor, Hagag, Ben, Anderson, William L., Belcak, Peter, Bucknall, Ben, Cai, Xiaohong, Chopra, Ayush, Cohen, Doron et al. · 2025 · arXiv
  51. Leveraging Token Economies for Public Goods
    Shilina, Maria · 2026 · The Impact of Blockchain in Token Economies
  52. Laboratories of Oligarchy? How the Iron Law Extends to Peer Production
    Shaw, Aaron, Hill, Benjamin Mako · 2014 · arXiv
  53. Commons-Governed Artificial Intelligence: A Taxonomy of Collective Governance
    Garrido-Merchán, Eduardo C. · 2026 · arXiv
  54. The Role of Social Learning and Collective Norm Formation in Fostering Cooperation in LLM Multi-Agent Systems
    Gupta, Prateek, Zhong, Qiankun, Yakura, Hiromu, Eisenmann, Thomas, Rahwan, Iyad · 2026 · Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems