Deletion of ADA2 Increases Antifungal Drug Susceptibility and Virulence in Candida glabrata
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Candida glabrata , the second most frequent cause of candidiasis after Candida albicans , is an emerging human fungal pathogen that is intrinsically drug tolerant. Currently, studies of C. glabrata genes involved in drug tolerance are limited. Ada2, a component serving as a transcription adaptor of the Spt-Ada-Gcn5 acetyltransferase (SAGA) complex, is required for antifungal drug tolerance and virulence in C. albicans . However, its roles in C. glabrata remain elusive. In this study, we found that ada2 mutants demonstrated severe growth defects at 40°C but only mild defects at 37°C or 25°C. In addition, C. glabrata ada2 mutants exhibited pleiotropic phenotypes, including susceptibility to three classes of antifungal drugs (i.e., azoles, echinocandins, and polyenes) and cell wall-perturbing agents but resistance to the endoplasmic reticulum stressor tunicamycin. According to RNA sequence analysis, the expression of 43 genes was downregulated and the expression of 442 genes was upregulated in the ada2 mutant compared to their expression in the wild type. C. glabrata ADA2 , along with its downstream target ERG6 , controls antifungal drug tolerance and cell wall integrity. Surprisingly, ada2 mutants were hypervirulent in a murine model of systemic infection, possibly due to the upregulation of multiple adhesin-like genes, increased agar invasion, and overstimulation of murine tumor necrosis factor alpha production.
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EPA-family adhesins facilitate C. glabrata attachment to host epithelial cells and assist in macrophage entry.
“These adhesins facilitate C. glabrata attachment to host epithelial cells and assist in macrophage entry [25].”
From Candida glabrata: pathogenicity and resistance mechanisms for adaptation and survival (2021) · cites this paper as [25]
Deletion of the transcriptional co-activator CgAda2 conferred resistance to the ER stressor tunicamycin and hypervirulence in immunocompromised mice.
“Contrarily, deletion of the transcriptional co-activator CgAda2 conferred resistance to the ER stressor, tunicamycin, and hypervirulence in the immunocompromised mice [98].”
From Candida glabrata: A Lot More Than Meets the Eye (2019) · cites this paper as [98]
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Increased fungal burden in the gastrointestinal tract of brain-dead organ donors
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Self-citationEssential anticandidal targets
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Cervicofacial Necrotizing Fasciitis and Candida spp
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- Authors
- Yu, S.-J., Chang, Y.-L., & Chen, Y.-L.
- Affiliations
- National Taiwan University (TW)
- ORCID
- Chen, Ying-Lien
- Venue
- Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2018-03
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 3
- ISSN
- 0066-4804 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-6596
- PMC
- PMC5826168
- OpenAlex
- W2782285131
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 3.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (102-2320-B-002-041-MY2, 104-2320-B-002-063-MY3, 106-2923-B-002-001-MY3)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Fungal Infections and Studies
- Keywords
- Candida glabrata, ADA2, antifungal drug tolerance, virulence, SAGA complex, ERG6, cell wall integrity, tunicamycin resistance, endoplasmic reticulum stress, gene expression profiling, TNF-α, systemic candidiasis, temperature sensitivity
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antifungal Agents, Candidiasis, Cell Wall, Fungal Proteins, Male, Mice, Inbred ICR, Virulence, Drug Resistance, Fungal, Candida glabrata, Mice
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