Discovering the secrets of the Candida albicans agglutinin-like sequence (ALS) gene family – a sticky pursuit

Hoyer, Lois L.; Green, Clayton B.; Oh, Soon-Hwan; Zhao, Xiaomin

doi:10.1080/13693780701435317

Cited by 356Fungal and yeast genetics researchAntifungal resistance and susceptibilityFungal Infections and Studies

Discovering the secrets of the Candida albicans agglutinin-like sequence (ALS) gene family – a sticky pursuit

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Hoyer, Lois L., Green, Clayton B., Oh, Soon-Hwan, Zhao, Xiaomin·2008·Medical Mycology

DOI 10.1080/13693780701435317PMC PMC2742883

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Abstract

The agglutinin-like sequence (ALS) family of Candida albicans includes eight genes that encode large cell-surface glycoproteins. The high degree of sequence relatedness between the ALS genes and the tremendous allelic variability often present in the same C. albicans strain complicated definition and characterization of the gene family. The main hypothesis driving ALS family research is that the genes encode adhesins, primarily involved in host-pathogen interactions. Although adhesive function has been demonstrated for several Als proteins, the challenge of studying putative adhesins in a highly adhesive organism like C. albicans has led to varying ideas about how best to pursue such investigations, and results that are sometimes contradictory. Recent analysis of alsdelta/alsdelta strains suggested roles for Als proteins outside of adhesion to host surfaces, and a broader scope of Als protein function than commonly believed. The availability and use of experimental methodologies to study C. albicans at the genomic level, and the ALS family en masse, have advanced knowledge of these genes and emphasized their importance in C. albicans biology and pathogenesis.

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The enriched set includes several members in each of three cell wall gene families important for biofilm formation and virulence: Hyr/Iff proteins, ALS adhesins, and PGA-30-like proteins.
“including several members in each of three cell wall gene families important for biofilm formation and virulence (Hoyer et al., 2008): the Hyr/Iff proteins (HYR1 and 3, IFF8 and 6), the ALS adhesins (ALS1-4,7,9), and the PGA-30-like proteins (seven genes)”
From The evolution of drug resistance in clinical isolates of Candida albicans. (2015) · cites this paper as Hoyer et al., 2008

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Self-citation
Use of Green Fluorescent Protein and Reverse Transcription-PCR To Monitor Candida albicans Agglutinin-Like Sequence Gene Expression in a Murine Model of Disseminated Candidiasis
Green, C. B., Zhao, X., & Hoyer, L. L. (2005) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.73.3.1852-1855.2005 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citation
Accessibility of the peptide backbone of protein ligands is a key specificity determinant in Candida albicans SRS adherence.
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RT-PCR analysis of Candida albicans ALS gene expression in a hyposalivatory rat model of oral candidiasis and in HIV-positive human patients.
Green, C. B., Marretta, S., Cheng, G., Faddoul, F., Ehrhart, E., & Hoyer, L. (2006) · Medical Mycology · doi:10.1080/13693780500086527 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citation
A CD2‐Based Model of Yeast a‐Agglutinin Elucidates Solution Properties and Binding Characteristics
Grigorescu, A., Chen, M., Zhao, H., Kahn, P., & Lipke, P. (2000) · IUBMB Life · doi:10.1080/713803692 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Cloning and Functional Analysis of ALS Family Genes from Candida albicans.
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Cloning and Identification of Genes Related with Morphogenesis of Candida albicans.
Chen, X., Wang, Q., & Chen, J. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Untitled work
(2000) · doi:10.1002/1097-0061(20000630)16:9

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Authors: Hoyer, L. L., Green, C. B., Oh, S.-H., & Zhao, X.
Affiliations: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
ORCID: Hoyer, Lois L.
Zhao, Xiaomin
Venue: Medical Mycology
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2008-01
Volume: 46
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-15
ISSN: 0268-1218 (ISSN-L)
1369-3786
1460-2709
DOI: 10.1080/13693780701435317
PMC: PMC2742883
OpenAlex: W2067631595
Cited by: 356
References: 85
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 31
FWCI: 2.24
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Medical Mycology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (R01DE014158, DE 14158)
National Center for Research Resources (C06 RR16515-01, C06RR016515)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Fungal Infections and Studies
Keywords: Candida albicans, cell surface glycoproteins, adhesins, host-pathogen interaction, allelic variation, fungal pathogenesis, gene family characterization
MeSH terms: Agglutinins, Alleles, Bacterial Adhesion, Candida, Candida albicans, Candidiasis, Fungal Proteins, Multigene Family, Humans, Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, Genome, Fungal, Adhesins, Bacterial

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Discovering the secrets of the Candida albicans agglutinin-like sequence (ALS) gene family – a sticky pursuit

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