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A RATING SCALE FOR DEPRESSION
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“Mothers were deemed eligible if they had a current diagnosis of major depressive disorder according to DSM-IV criteria, received a score ≥ 15 on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D 25-item version)[33] and were the custodial parent of a 7–18-year-old child receiving psychiatric treatment for an internalizing disorder.”
From ROLE OF MATERNAL CHILDHOOD TRAUMA ON PARENTING AMONG DEPRESSED MOTHERS OF PSYCHIATRICALLY ILL CHILDREN: Research Article: Maternal Depression and Childhood Trauma (2013) · cites this paper as [33]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“This is in accordance with Aaron Beck's famous contention that depression is not only manifested in a negative self-appraisal but also involves negative cognitions about the world and the future.”
From The more it is needed, the less it is wanted: Attitudes toward face-to-face intervention among depressed patients undergoing online treatment (2013) · cites this paper as [24]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“greater depression severity, as assessed by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD; Hamilton, 1960), was an independent predictor of TSST-induced increases in both IL-6 and NFκ B while adjusting for the effects of early life stress on inflammatory activity”
From From stress to inflammation and major depressive disorder: A social signal transduction theory of depression. (2014) · cites this paper as Hamilton, 1960
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The Hamilton Rating Scales for Anxiety (HAM‐A) (Hamilton, 1959) and Depression (HAM‐D, 17‐item version) (Hamilton, 1960) were used to quantify the degree of anxiety and depression, respectively.”
From Differences in response inhibition between medication-free patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder with and without sensory phenomena (2026) · cites this paper as Hamilton, 1960
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The HAM-D consists of 21 items but is scored on the first 17 items.”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The higher the score, the greater the severity of depressive symptoms.”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The HAM-D is an observer-administered instrument to assess the severity of depressive symptoms.”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Studies with psychiatric samples show substantial correlation coefficients for BDI and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS; [23] ) ranging from r = .61 to .81; the mean correlation coefficient is r = .73. [22] Internal consistency for both psychiatric and nonpsychiatric populations is above .8. [24]”
From The more it is needed, the less it is wanted: Attitudes toward face-to-face intervention among depressed patients undergoing online treatment (2013) · cites this paper as [24]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“The interpretation of the total score is such that the score of 0–7 indicates normal, 8–16 denotes mild depression, 17–23 indicates moderate depression, and 24 and above denotes severe depression (42).”
From The efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy for the treatment of alcohol use disorder among adult males: a randomized controlled trial comparing with acceptance and commitment therapy and treatment as usual (2023) · cites this paper as [42]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“While each of these instruments is well-validated for assessing overall suicide risk, none were developed to assess short-term changes in SI.”
From New methods for assessing rapid changes in suicide risk (2021) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“While each of these instruments is well-validated for assessing overall suicide risk, none were developed to assess short-term changes in SI.”
From New methods for assessing rapid changes in suicide risk (2021) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“For example, most of the literature exploring the anti-suicidal effects of ketamine used single items from the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS; specifically, Item 10) (23) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D; specifically, Item 3) (24) as well as longer, suicide-specific measures such as the Scale for Suicide Ideation (SSI) (25) and the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating”
From New methods for assessing rapid changes in suicide risk (2021) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“The symptomatic severity of BD was evaluated with the 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17) (26) and the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) (27). To make sure the quality and reliability of the assessment, it was performed by the same well-trained researcher (Zhaoyu Gan) on all the cases.”
From Are serum levels of inflammatory markers associated with the severity of symptoms of bipolar disorder? (2023) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“Studies suggest that tobacco smokers have higher β2*-nAChR availability compared with non-smokers in non-psychiatric populations (34) which normalizes by 6–12 weeks of abstinence (44).”
From Persistent β 2 *-Nicotinic Acetylcholinergic Receptor Dysfunction in Major Depressive Disorder (2012) · cites this paper as [34]
In the citing paper
“In addition, the severity of depressive symptoms was assessed with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) [26].”
From Plasma concentrations of endocannabinoids and related primary fatty acid amides in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (2013) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“several symptom scales were developed for use within clinical samples only and may vary minimally in undiagnosed participants [12], [13]”
From How to boost positive interpretations? A Meta-Analysis of the effectiveness of cognitive bias modification for interpretation (2014) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“several symptom scales were developed for use within clinical samples only and may vary minimally in undiagnosed participants [12], [13]”
From How to boost positive interpretations? A Meta-Analysis of the effectiveness of cognitive bias modification for interpretation (2014) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“We chose daily evening administration to model the normal circadian variation in endogenous leptin, which is characterized by a pulsatile circadian rhythm with marked nocturnal rise (19).”
From Phenotypic effects of leptin replacement on morbid obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypogonadism, and behavior in leptin-deficient adults (2004) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“The HDRS-17 (33), one of the methods most commonly employed to measures change in depressive symptoms severity in treatment for depression clinical trials, was derived from the HDRS-28, and used as dependent variable.”
From Monitoring Changes in Depression Severity Using Wearable and Mobile Sensors (2020) · cites this paper as [33]
In the citing paper
“Baseline depression severity [Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, HAMD (92)] predicted EMA-assessed sad mood and negative thoughts (incl. suicidal ideation) (81).”
From Don't Miss the Moment: A Systematic Review of Ecological Momentary Assessment in Suicide Research (2022) · cites this paper as [92]
In the citing paper
“the degree of depression was established using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) (Table 1) [12].”
From Home-based psychiatric outpatient care through videoconferencing for depression: a randomized controlled follow-up trial (2016) · cites this paper as [12]
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Citations
Cites
Hamilton, M., and White, J. (1959). J. ment. Sci., 105, 955.
Hamilton, M. ;. W. (1959) · J. ment. Sci
UnresolvedUnpublished data
Hamilton, M. ;. W. (1960)
Unresolved
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“, 2015); (3) current moderate to severe major depressive episode of at least 6 weeks duration prior to screening, defined by a score ⩾17 on the GRIDHamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D)-17 (Hamilton, 1960; International Society for CNS Drug Development, 2003); and (4) failed at least one adequate antidepressant tri…”
BackgroundMethodDance movement therapy for depression
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“Likewise Hawley et al. (2014) analysed data from 32 participants attending either MBCT or Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) groups and identified an indirect association between amount of formal (but not informal) meditation practice and outcome (change in depressive symptoms on the Hamilton Rating Scale for D…”
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Mentalizing in female inpatients with major depressive disorder
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Don't Miss the Moment: A Systematic Review of Ecological Momentary Assessment in Suicide Research
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Monitoring Changes in Depression Severity Using Wearable and Mobile Sensors
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“Thus, the normalized MAE ranged between 7.5 and 9.1%, as the HDRS-17 ranges from 0 to 52.”
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Reducing Suicidal Ideation Through Insomnia Treatment (REST-IT): A Randomized Clinical Trial
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“…therapy; CBT: cognitive behavior therapy; CT: cognitive therapy; HAM-A: Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale; HAM-D: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (Hamilton, 1960); iCBT: internet cognitive behavior therapy; IPT: interpersonal therapy; MADRS: Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (Montgomery…”
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Idebenone treatment fails to slow cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease
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The Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire: A screening measure for body dysmorphic disorder
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Psychological therapies for treatment-resistant depression in adults
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Frontal white matter and cingulum diffusion tensor imaging deficits in alcoholism
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Serum markers support disease-specific glial pathology in major depression
Schroeter, M. L., Abdul-Khaliq, H., Krebs, M., Diefenbacher, A., & Blasig, I. E. (2008) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2008.03.005 · Cited by 152
Light therapy for non-seasonal depression: systematic review and meta-analysis
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Possible antidepressive effects of opioids: Action of buprenorphine
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Changes in sleep quality, but not hormones predict time to postpartum depression recurrence
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Quality of life in obsessive-compulsive disorder before and after treatment
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“Department of Psychiatry, Institutio Scientifico H San Raffaele, Milan, Italy In TRD I and TRD II, treatment response was measured according to the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD) (Hamilton 1960) after at least 4 weeks of adequate antidepressant therapy.”
MethodInfluentialQuality of life and functional impairment in compulsive hoarding
Saxena, S., Ayers, C. R., Maidment, K. M., Vapnik, T., Wetherell, J. L., & Bystritsky, A. (2011) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.08.007 · Cited by 150
“The severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms was measured by the 28-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-28) (Hamilton, 1960a) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (Ham-A) (Hamilton, 1960b).”
MethodThought-action fusion in individuals with OCD symptoms
Amir, N., Freshman, M., Ramsey, B., Neary, E., & Brigidi, B. (2001) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(00)00056-5 · Cited by 153
Morning Light Treatment Hastens the Antidepressant Effect of Citalopram: A Placebo-Controlled Trial
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Cognitive bibliotherapy for mild and moderate adolescent depressive symptomatology.
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Clinical and Neurobiological Effects of Tianeptine and Paroxetine in Major Depression
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Predictors of sustained therapeutic change.
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Open-label, proof-of-concept study of brexanolone in the treatment of severe postpartum depression
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The relevance of emotional and psychosocial factors in aphasia to rehabilitation
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A Double Blind Comparison of Venlafaxine and Paroxetine in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
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Cognitive behavioral therapy for post-stroke depression: A meta-analysis
Wang, S.-B., Wang, Y.-Y., Zhang, Q.-E., Wu, S.-L., Ng, C. H., Ungvari, G. S., Chen, L., Wang, C.-X., Jia, F.-J., & Xiang, Y.-T. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.011 · Cited by 150
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The role of IL-12 and TGF-β1 in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder
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Assessing Disability in Older Patients With Schizophrenia: Results From the WHODAS-II
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Psychological therapies for women who experience intimate partner violence
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Ketamine for Social Anxiety Disorder: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial
Taylor, J. H., Landeros-Weisenberger, A., Coughlin, C., Mulqueen, J., Johnson, J. A., Gabriel, D., Reed, M. O., Jakubovski, E., & Bloch, M. H. (2018) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2017.194 · Cited by 142
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Different responses to dexamethasone and prednisolone in the same depressed patients
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Depression in Later Life: A Comparison of Symptoms and Risk Factors in Early and Late Onset Cases
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“The current study focused on alliance, but future work could use similar methods to predict treatment outcome (e.g., Hamilton Rating Scale of Depression; Hamilton, 1960), multicultural competence (Tao, Owen, Pace, & Imel, 2015), empathy (Imel et al., 2014), interpersonal skill (Anderson et al., 2009), treatment fideli…”
MethodCuijpers, P., Cristea, I. A., Karyotaki, E., Reijnders, M., & Hollon, S. D. (2019) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2017.1395922 · Cited by 140
“In order to calculate effect sizes we used all measures examining depressive symptoms (such as the Beck Depression Inventory/BDI (Beck, Ward, Mendelson, Mock, & Erbaugh, 1961), the BDI-II (Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996) or the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression/HAMD-17 (Hamilton, 1960)).”
MethodFacial affect recognition deficits in bipolar disorder
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Volumetric MRI study of key brain regions implicated in obsessive–compulsive disorder
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Cytokine levels in depressed and non-depressed subjects, and masking effects of obesity
Schmidt, F. M., Lichtblau, N., Minkwitz, J., Chittka, T., Thormann, J., Kirkby, K. C., Sander, C., Mergl, R., Faßhauer, M., Stumvoll, M., et al. (2014) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.04.021 · Cited by 146
Diversity in Alzheimer's disease drug trials: the importance of eligibility criteria
Franzen, S., Smith, J. E., van den Berg, E., Rivera Mindt, M., van Bruchem‐Visser, R. L., Abner, E. L., Schneider, L. S., Prins, N. D., Babulal, G. M., & Papma, J. M. (2022) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12433 · Cited by 146
Misophonia is associated with altered brain activity in the auditory cortex and salience network
Schröder, A., van Wingen, G., Eijsker, N., San Giorgi, R., Vulink, N. C., Turbyne, C., & Denys, D. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-44084-8 · Cited by 141
Farrell, C., Doolin, K., O’ Leary, N., Jairaj, C., Roddy, D., Tozzi, L., Morris, D., Harkin, A., Frodl, T., Nemoda, Z., et al. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.04.064 · Cited by 144
Metadata
- Authors
- Hamilton, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Leeds (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Hamilton, M.
- Venue
- Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 1960-02-01
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 56-62
- ISSN
- 0022-3050 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC495331
- OpenAlex
- W2114613490
- Semantic Scholar
- b292a2f25e64c16d40374236c95475d44a2c0bd1
- Cited by
- 32,817
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1044 · 2025: 1239 · 2024: 1266 · 2023: 1197 · 2022: 1212 · 2021: 1286 · 2020: 1248 · 2019: 1096 · 2018: 1125 · 2017: 1043 · 2016: 1124 · 2015: 1146 · 2014: 1189 · 2013: 1172 · 2012: 1038
- FWCI
- 20.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- depression, rating scales, depression assessment, psychometric assessment
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Psychometrics
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