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Cited by 161Grief, Bereavement, and Mental HealthNeural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesDeath Anxiety and Social Exclusion

Regional brain activity in women grieving a romantic relationship breakup

Najib, Arif, Lorberbaum, Jeffrey P., Kose, Samet, Bohning, Daryl E., George, Mark S.·2004·American Journal of Psychiatry
DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.161.12.2245
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Separation from loved ones commonly leads to grief reactions. In some individuals, grief can evolve into a major depressive episode. The brain regions involved in grief have not been specifically studied. The authors studied brain activity in women actively grieving a recent romantic relationship breakup. It was hypothesized that while remembering their ex-partner, subjects would have altered brain activity in regions identified in sadness imaging studies: the cerebellum, anterior temporal cortex, insula, anterior cingulate, and prefrontal cortex. METHOD: Nine right-handed women whose romantic relationship ended within the preceding 4 months were studied. Subjects were scanned using blood-oxygen-level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging while they alternated between recalling a sad, ruminative thought about their loved one (grief state) and a neutral thought about a different person they knew an equally long time. RESULTS: Acute grief (grief minus neutral state) was associated with increased group activity in posterior brain regions, including the cerebellum, posterior brainstem, and posterior temporoparietal and occipital brain regions. Decreased activity was more prominent anteriorly and on the left and included the anterior brainstem, thalamus, striatum, temporal cortex, insula, and dorsal and ventral anterior cingulate/prefrontal cortex. When a more lenient statistical threshold for regions of interest was used, additional increases were found in the lateral temporal cortex, supragenual anterior cingulate/medial prefrontal cortex, and right inferomedial dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, all of which were adjacent to spatially more prominent decreases. In nearly all brain regions showing brain activity decreases with acute grief, activity decreases were greater in women reporting higher grief levels over the past 2 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: During acute grief, subjects showed brain activity changes in the cerebellum, anterior temporal cortex, insula, anterior cingulate, and prefrontal cortex, consistent with the hypothesis. Subjects with greater baseline grief showed greater decreases in all these regions except for the cerebellum. Further imaging studies are needed to understand the relationship between normal sadness, grief, and depression.

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  • Acute grief after a relationship breakup or the loss of an unborn child is related to intense responses of the physical pain network encompassing the anterior cingulate cortex and insula.

    “In fact, acute grief after a relationship breakup (128,129) or the loss of an unborn child (130) is related to intense responses of the physical pain network encompassing the ACC and insula.”

    From Dissecting the Role of Oxytocin in the Formation and Loss of Social Relationships (2016) · cites this paper as [128]

  • Activity in anterior cingulate, insula, and amygdala was inversely related to level of grief.

    “Finally, they found that activity in the anterior cingulate, insula, and amygdala was inversely related to the level of a subject’s grief.”

    From The human parental brain: In vivo neuroimaging (2011) · cites this paper as Najib et al., 2004

  • Romantic grief was consistently associated with deactivations in anterior cingulate.

    “In contrast to the romance-studies which found activations in the anterior cingulate, they also found that romantic grief was consistently associated with deactivations in this region.”

    From The human parental brain: In vivo neuroimaging (2011) · cites this paper as Najib et al., 2004

  • Acute grief related to loss of romantic attachment figure modulated activity in same areas implicated in social attachment and parenting when recalling sad thoughts.

    “They found that acute grief related to the loss of a romantic attachment figure modulated activity in some of the same areas implicated in social attachment and parenting when they recalled sad thoughts about their loved one (Najib et al., 2004).”

    From The human parental brain: In vivo neuroimaging (2011) · cites this paper as Najib et al., 2004

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Authors
Najib, A., Lorberbaum, J. P., Kose, S., Bohning, D. E., & George, M. S.
Affiliations
Medical University of South Carolina (US)
ORCID
George, Mark S.
Venue
American Journal of Psychiatry
Publisher
American Psychiatric Association Publishing
Published
2004-12-01
Volume
161
Issue
12
Pages
2245-2256
ISSN
  • 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
  • 1535-7228
DOI
10.1176/appi.ajp.161.12.2245
OpenAlex
W2116869263
Cited by
161
References
51
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 9
FWCI
7.60
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
Keywords
acute grief, romantic breakup, brain activity, women, cerebellum, anterior cingulate cortex, prefrontal cortex, insula, anterior temporal cortex, sadness, major depressive episode, ruminative thoughts
MeSH terms
Brain, Courtship, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Emotions, Female, Grief, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Functional Laterality, Love, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Oxygen, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Sex Factors, Temporal Lobe, Prefrontal Cortex

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