Can an Anthropocene Series be defined and recognized?
Abstract
We consider the Anthropocene as a physical, chronostratigraphic unit across terrestrial and marine sedimentary facies, from both a present and a far future perspective, provisionally using an approximately 1950 CE base that approximates with the ‘Great Acceleration’, worldwide sedimentary incorporation of A-bomb-derived radionuclides and light nitrogen isotopes linked to the growth in fertilizer use, and other markers. More or less effective recognition of such a unit today (with annual/decadal resolution) is facies-dependent and variably compromised by the disturbance of stratigraphic superposition that commonly occurs at geologically brief temporal scales, and that particularly affects soils, deep marine deposits and the pre-1950 parts of current urban areas. The Anthropocene, thus, more than any other geological time unit, is locally affected by such blurring of its chronostratigraphic boundary with Holocene strata. Nevertheless, clearly separable representatives of an Anthropocene Series may be found in lakes, land ice, certain river/delta systems, in the widespread dredged parts of shallow-marine systems on continental shelves and slopes, and in those parts of deep-water systems where human-rafted debris is common. From a far future perspective, the boundary is likely to appear geologically instantaneous and stratigraphically significant.
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Human activities have modified sedimentary processes sufficiently to leave clear expressions in river, lake, windblown and glacial deposits often far-removed from direct point sources.
“Human activities have also modified sedimentary processes sufficiently to leave clear expressions in river, lake, windblown and glacial deposits often far-removed from direct point sources (36) .”
From The Anthropocene is functionally and stratigraphically distinct from the Holocene (2016) · cites this paper as [36]
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- [10]10. polychlorinated biphenyl pollution records. Philosophical Transactions of the 1051
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Lewis, S. L., & Maslin, M. A. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14258 · Cited by 3,441 · see citing works
The Anthropocene is functionally and stratigraphically distinct from the Holocene
Waters, C. N., Zalasiewicz, J., Summerhayes, C., Barnosky, A. D., Poirier, C., Gałuszka, A., Cearreta, A., Edgeworth, M., Ellis, E. C., Ellis, M., et al. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aad2622 · Cited by 2,375 · see citing works
“sions in river, lake, windblown, and glacial deposits that areoften far removed fromdirect point sources (36).”
BackgroundSelf-citationWhen did the Anthropocene begin? A mid-twentieth century boundary level is stratigraphically optimal
Zalasiewicz, J., Waters, C. N., Williams, M., Barnosky, A. D., Cearreta, A., Crutzen, P., Ellis, E., Ellis, M. A., Fairchild, I. J., Grinevald, J., et al. (2015) · Quaternary International · doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2014.11.045 · Cited by 784 · see citing works
Self-citationPlausible and desirable futures in the Anthropocene: A new research agenda
Bai, X., van der LEEUW, S., O’Brien, K. L., Berkhout, F., Biermann, F., Brondízio, E. S., Cudennec, C., Dearing, J. A., Duraiappah, A. K., Glaser, M., et al. (2015) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.09.017 · Cited by 564 · see citing works
Scale and diversity of the physical technosphere: A geological perspective
Zalasiewicz, J., Williams, M., Waters, C. N., Barnosky, A. D., Palmesino, J., Rönnskog, A.-S., Edgeworth, M., Neal, C., Cearreta, A., Ellis, E. C., et al. (2016) · The Anthropocene Review · doi:10.1177/2053019616677743 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Self-citationA stratigraphical basis for the Anthropocene?
Waters, C. N., Zalasiewicz, J. A., Williams, M., Ellis, M. A., & Snelling, A. M. (2014) · Geological Society, London, Special Publications · doi:10.1144/sp395.18 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Self-citationWaters, C. N., Zalasiewicz, J., Summerhayes, C. P., Fairchild, I. J., Rose, N. L., Loader, N. J., Shotyk, W., Cearreta, A., Head, M. J., Syvitski, J. P. M., et al. (2017) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.12.016 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Self-citationBiology in the Anthropocene: Challenges and insights from young fossil records
Kidwell, S. M. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1403660112 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Gaffney, O., & Steffen, W. (2017) · The Anthropocene Review · doi:10.1177/2053019616688022 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Names for trace fossils 2.0: theory and practice in ichnotaxonomy
Bertling, M., Buatois, L. A., Knaust, D., Laing, B. A., Mángano, M. G., Meyer, N., Mikuláš, R., Minter, N. J., Neumann, C. H., Rindsberg, A. K., et al. (2022) · Lethaia · doi:10.18261/let.55.3.3 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Spheroidal carbonaceous particles are a defining stratigraphic marker for the Anthropocene
Swindles, G. T., Watson, E., Turner, T. E., Galloway, J. M., Hadlari, T., Wheeler, J., & Bacon, K. L. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep10264 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Williams, M., Zalasiewicz, J., Waters, C. N., Edgeworth, M., Bennett, C., Barnosky, A. D., Ellis, E. C., Ellis, M. A., Cearreta, A., Haff, P. K., et al. (2016) · Earth's Future · doi:10.1002/2015ef000339 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationIs there an isotopic signature of the Anthropocene?
Dean, J. R., Leng, M. J., & Mackay, A. W. (2014) · The Anthropocene Review · doi:10.1177/2053019614541631 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Earth Systems, Human Agency, and the Anthropocene: Planet Earth in the Human Age
Braje, T. J. (2015) · Journal of Archaeological Research · doi:10.1007/s10814-015-9087-y · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Zalasiewicz, J., Steffen, W., Leinfelder, R., Williams, M., & Waters, C. N. (2017) · Theory Culture & Society · doi:10.1177/0263276417690587 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationSolórzano‐Kraemer, M. M., Delclòs, X., Engel, M. S., & Peñalver, E. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-76808-6 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Storytelling: From the early Anthropocene to the good or the bad Anthropocene
Kunnas, J. (2017) · The Anthropocene Review · doi:10.1177/2053019617725538 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
The mineral signature of the Anthropocene in its deep-time context
Zalasiewicz, J., Kryza, R., & Williams, M. (2014) · Geological Society, London, Special Publications · doi:10.1144/sp395.2 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationSzerszynski, B. (2017) · European Journal of Social Theory · doi:10.1177/1368431016666087 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Planetary mobilities: movement, memory and emergence in the body of the Earth
Szerszynski, B. (2016) · Mobilities · doi:10.1080/17450101.2016.1211828 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
The Anthropocene: a comparison with the Ordovician–Silurian boundary
Zalasiewicz, J., & Williams, M. (2013) · RENDICONTI LINCEI · doi:10.1007/s12210-013-0265-x · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationSantana, C. G. (2018) · The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science · doi:10.1093/bjps/axy022 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Assessment of the Anthropogenic Sediment Budget of a Littoral Cell System (Northern Tuscany, Italy)
Cappucci, S., Bertoni, D., Cipriani, L. E., Boninsegni, G., & Sarti, G. (2020) · Water · doi:10.3390/w12113240 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Meeder, J. F., & Parkinson, R. W. (2017) · Journal of Coastal Research · doi:10.2112/jcoastres-d-17-00031.1 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Is the fossil record of complex animal behaviour a stratigraphical analogue for the Anthropocene?
Williams, M., Zalasiewicz, J., Waters, C. N., & Landing, E. (2013) · Geological Society London Special Publications · doi:10.1144/sp395.8 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationBraje, T. J., & Lauer, M. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12166459 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Brauch, H. G. (2021) · The anthropocene: Politik - economics - society - science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-82202-6_22 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Cabadas-Báez, H., Sedov, S., Álvarez, S. D. P. J., Leonard, D., Aragón, I. A., & Hernández-Velázquez, M. L. (2018) · Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana · doi:10.18268/bsgm2018v70n1a2 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Evidence for a Stratigraphic Basis for the Anthropocene
Waters, C. N., Zalasiewicz, J., Williams, M., PRICE, S. P., Ford, J. R., & Cooper, A. H. (2014) · Springer geology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-04364-7_187 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationCould a potential Anthropocene mass extinction define a new geological period?
Bacon, K., & Swindles, G. (2016) · The Anthropocene Review · doi:10.1177/2053019616666867 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
THE APOCALYPTIC ANTHROPOCENE EPOCH AND ITS MANAGEMENT IN INDIA.
Mishra, S. (2017) · International Journal of Advanced Research · doi:10.21474/ijar01/3555 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Microplastic Extraction from the Sediment Using Potassium Formate Water Solution (H2O/KCOOH)
Jarosz, K., Natkański, P., & Michalík, M. (2022) · Minerals · doi:10.3390/min12020269 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
O’Hara, K. D. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316809990 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Lundershausen, J. (2018) · Geo Geography and Environment · doi:10.1002/geo2.55 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Planetary Health and Climate Change in the Anthropocene
Kunnas, J., & Borsari, B. (2024) · Climate change management · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-72740-5_14 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Gałuszka, A., & Migaszewski, Z. M. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-409548-9.09476-8 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Wallenhorst, N. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-61444-6_2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Have We Ever Been Natural? Rethinking Nature Conservation in the Anthropocene
Schwarzfuchs, E. N., Ben‐Ami, D., & Dayan, T. (2026) · Society & Natural Resources · doi:10.1080/08941920.2026.2693810 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Introduction to the Anthropocene
Wallenhorst, N. (2023) · Anthropocene - humanities and social sciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-37738-9_2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Gałuszka, A., & Migaszewski, Z. M. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809665-9.09476-3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Reddick (2021) · The Yearbook of English Studies · doi:10.1353/yes.2021.0006
(2017) · Presses Universitaires de France eBooks · doi:10.3917/puf.feder.2017.03.0393
Catianis, I., Constantinescu, A. M., Rotaru, S., Pojar, I., & Grosu, D. (2021) · International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM ... · doi:10.5593/sgem2021/5.1/s20.071
Utopian Education: Earth and the World Speak
Wallenhorst, N. (2023) · Anthropocene - humanities and social sciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-37738-9_14
Reddick, Y. J. (2023) · Literatures, Cultures, and the Environment · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-39389-1_1
A condição humana no Antropoceno - Dipesh Chakrabarty
Mendes, J. (2023) · Anthropocenica Revista de Estudos do Antropoceno e Ecocrítica · doi:10.21814/anthropocenica.5234
Utopische Bildung: Die Erde und die Welt sprechen
Wallenhorst, N. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-61444-6_14
Enjeux d’une conceptualisation éducative de l’Anthropocène à partir des ruptures biogéophysiques
Wallenhorst, N. (2025) · Recherches en éducation · doi:10.4000/13l6h
Žmogaus būklė antropoceno epochoje. 1-2 paskaitos
Chakrabarty, D. (2025) · Athena filosofijos studijos · doi:10.53631/athena.2025.20.5
Envisioning Eco-Centric Frameworks for Curriculum Development and Implementation in the Anthropocene
Borsari, B. (2026) · World sustainability series · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-22146-9_1
Wallenhorst, N. (2026) · Paragrana · doi:10.1515/para-2026-0004
- Authors
- Zalasiewicz, J., Williams, M., & Waters, C. N.
- Affiliations
- University of Leicester (GB)
- British Geological Survey (GB)
- Venue
- Geological Society, London, Special Publications
- Publisher
- Geological Society of London
- Published
- 2014-01
- Volume
- 395
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 39-53
- ISSN
- 0305-8719 (ISSN-L)
- 2041-4927
- OpenAlex
- W2098832677
- Cited by
- 51
- References
- 106
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 5.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Geological Society London Special Publications (publishedVersion)
- NERC Open Research Archive (Natural Environment Research Council) (acceptedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Earth-Surface Processes › Geological formations and processes
- Keywords
- Anthropocene, chronostratigraphy, Great Acceleration, radionuclides, nitrogen isotopes, fertilizer use, Holocene, stratigraphic boundary, sedimentary facies
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