The DOI matches its Crossref record; 168 of the 168 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A Survey of Augmented, Virtual, and Mixed Reality for Cultural Heritage
Abstract
A multimedia approach to the diffusion, communication, and exploitation of Cultural Heritage (CH) is a well-established trend worldwide. Several studies demonstrate that the use of new and combined media enhances how culture is experienced. The benefit is in terms of both number of people who can have access to knowledge and the quality of the diffusion of the knowledge itself. In this regard, CH uses augmented-, virtual-, and mixed-reality technologies for different purposes, including education, exhibition enhancement, exploration, reconstruction, and virtual museums. These technologies enable user-centred presentation and make cultural heritage digitally accessible, especially when physical access is constrained. A number of surveys of these emerging technologies have been conducted; however, they are either not domain specific or lack a holistic perspective in that they do not cover all the aspects of the technology. A review of these technologies from a cultural heritage perspective is therefore warranted. Accordingly, our article surveys the state-of-the-art in augmented-, virtual-, and mixed-reality systems as a whole and from a cultural heritage perspective. In addition, we identify specific application areas in digital cultural heritage and make suggestions as to which technology is most appropriate in each case. Finally, the article predicts future research directions for augmented and virtual reality, with a particular focus on interaction interfaces and explores the implications for the cultural heritage domain.
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“Some cutting-edge virtual museums are indeed doing this by including meta-commentary on their own reconstruction process (e.g., showing what data is missing, or showing alternate reconstructions) [10,36,38,49].”
From Virtual Museums as Meaning-Modeling Systems in Digital Heritage (2025) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“The use of extended reality technologies, such as AR, enhances the user experience and interaction with the exhibits [21,22].”
From Motiv-ARCHE: co-creation of augmented reality educational content to motivate cultural and natural heritage learning (2025) · cites this paper as [22]
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Privitera, A. G., Fontana, F., & Geronazzo, M. (2022) · Convention of the European Acoustics Association Forum Acusticum · doi:10.61782/fa.2023.0430 · Cited by 1
MOLINA, D. F. G., Carmona-Ávila, R., Montalvo-Gil, J. M., et al. (2024) · Multimedia Tools and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11042-024-18977-4 · Cited by 1
Research on AR Cultural Heritage Museum Application Design Driven by User Demands
Yi, K., & Chen, Y. (2024) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-61147-6_9 · Cited by 1
Wu, W.-C., Wei, Z.-J., Zhang, Y.-W., et al. (2024) · International Conference on Image, Video and Signal Processing (IVSP) · doi:10.1145/3655755.3655756 · Cited by 1
“The innovation in information and communication technology (ICT) not only changes the way students learn [1, 5], but also encourages more teachers to continually inno-vate in the classroom by incorporating information technology and effective teaching strategies.”
BackgroundExploration Games: Can Game-Guided Systems Support Users in Automated Exhibition Sites?
Krishnasamy, R., & Vistisen, P. (2024) · Lecture notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-67307-8_8 · Cited by 1
From Digital Survey to Extended Reality. Possible Uses for the Cathedral of Udine
Bertacchi, G., Giacomini, F., Iannucci, A., & Cipriani, L. (2024) · Digital innovations in architecture, engineering and construction · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-62963-1_25 · Cited by 1
Bastawrous, A., Forte, A., Orefici, G., et al. (2024) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-71710-9_17 · Cited by 1
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Kulkarni, S., & Kulkarni, A. (2024) · doi:10.1109/icec59683.2024.10837334 · Cited by 1
“HDR Image acquisition discussed in [13] with this algorithm a series of photographs are captured at different exposure times.”
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“This approach utilizes VR techniques to craft narratives that immerse users deeply, fostering emotional connections and facilitating interactive learning experiences (Bekele et al. , 2018).”
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Anderson, E. F., Adzhiev, V., Cheetham, P., Hadley, G. J. M., John, D., Larsson, C., Ureche, A.-M.-C., & Romero, M. (2025) · Springer series on cultural computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-61018-9_22 · Cited by 1
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“Research has shown that the digital transformation of exhibitions in the context of culture requires not only technological innovation but also deliberate integration of technological performance, affective experience, and cultural connotation [ 15 ] .”
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“Las recientes revisiones sistemáticas (Bekele et al., 2018; Rodríguez-García et al., 2024) evidencian el amplio abanico de posibilidades existentes en la actualidad para desarrollar plataformas de realidad extendida capaces de conectar el mundo físico con el digital.”
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“In recent years, applications related to digital reality technologies have been widely used particularly in the examination, preservation and presentation of cultural heritage (Bekele et al., 2018).”
Luo, S., Qian, Y., Huang, C., et al. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics · doi:10.1109/tvcg.2025.3616763 · Cited by 1
“User Study 2 (N=15) advances to micro-level temporal modeling [1] by integrating multimodal HMD sensor data with experience-sampled engagement labels.”
Metadata
- Authors
- Bekele, M. K., Pierdicca, R., Frontoni, E., Malinverni, E. S., & Gain, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Cape Town (ZA)
- Marche Polytechnic University (IT)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage
- Published
- 2018-03-22
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 1-36
- ISSN
- 1556-4711 (ISSN-L)
- 1556-4673
- OpenAlex
- W2790695540
- Semantic Scholar
- cdeda2c21fdfe930327cbca424f8ce5ac9d30c67
- Cited by
- 1,147
- References
- 167
- Citations by year
- 2026: 215 · 2025: 199 · 2024: 144 · 2023: 163 · 2022: 145 · 2021: 119 · 2020: 82 · 2019: 63 · 2018: 17
- FWCI
- 34.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage (publishedVersion)
- Università Politecnica delle Marche (Università Politecnica delle Marche) (submittedVersion)
- eSpace (Curtin University) (submittedVersion)
- U-PAD Unimc - Open Digital Publications (University of Macerata) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Hasso-Plattner Institute
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Augmented Reality Applications
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Museology › Museums and Cultural Heritage
- Keywords
- augmented reality, virtual reality, mixed reality, cultural heritage, digital heritage, virtual museum, heritage education, heritage reconstruction, digital accessibility, interaction interfaces
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